【正文】 Stalk PositionThe American blend cigarette is posed of several types of tobacco including fluecured, burley, and Oriental tobacco. Cigarettes are not only a blend of different types of tobacco, but are also a blend of stalk positions within the different types of tobacco. Each stalk position contributes different characteristics to the cigarette, and proper blending of tobacco types and stalk positions within types is key to producing quality cigarettes and ensuring uniformity of the final product. 葉片分部位采收美國的混合型卷煙是由幾種類型的煙草組成的，包括烤煙、白肋煙和香料煙。但是它能很好地表明各個品種在大田里耐熟的程度。第一次和第二次采摘是在正常時間完成。因此，成熟受氣候條件影響很大，季節(jié)之間差異很大。如果煙株在現(xiàn)蕾期后三周不打頂，則每天每英畝減少產(chǎn)量20～25磅，或者在正常產(chǎn)量在每英畝2000～2500磅的范圍內(nèi)時每天減少l％的產(chǎn)量。 ●殘傷增加。在后煙草配額買斷的環(huán)境下，利潤將直接與以最低成本生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)質(zhì)煙草的銷售相關(guān)。 not easily described 難以形容的Suckercide n. chemical product that prevents sucker from growing 腋芽抑制劑Contacts n. chemicals that kill insects by contacting them directly觸殺劑Systemics n. a pesticide that as used is harmless to the plant, but when absorbed into its sap makes the entire organism toxic to pests 內(nèi)吸劑Versus prep. Against。 ●成熟延遲。除非發(fā)生淋洗，氮肥不應(yīng)在煙草側(cè)施肥后施用。成功控制腋芽生長的關(guān)鍵是適時施用腋芽抑制劑以及適量施用接觸性和內(nèi)吸性抑制劑。結(jié)果為了獲得最佳畝產(chǎn)值只有1 0天的時間采收煙葉。 and treatment 5, 40 days later than treatment 1. Thus, tobacco was harvested from slightly unripe (treatment 1) to 30 days past the earliest stage of ripeness (treatment 5). 處理1，比理想的成熟早7天；處理2，比處理1(成熟煙葉)晚10天；處理3，比處理1晚20天；處理4，比處理1晚30天；處理5，比處理1晚40天。2002和2003年試驗中的5個品種，每磅的增值范圍在2002年是0．10～0．25美元、在2003年是0．09～0．33美元。例如，一些卷煙制造商可能喜歡在卷煙中用較多的頂部煙葉，而另一些則可能喜歡買少量的下部葉。根據(jù)煙草公司對來自從這些試驗的上部煙葉的評估，成熟度和最上部葉的分次采收對頂葉等級的牛產(chǎn)影響最大。只有在高氮用量導(dǎo)致帶青煙或青煙等級時，氮用量才減少頂葉等級的生產(chǎn)。近幾年，許多種植者把上部過熟葉、上二棚葉和頂葉混在一起一次采收，這樣就減少了產(chǎn)生頂葉等級的機會，也降低了煙草公司在煙葉配方方面能力的發(fā)揮。所以，從煙葉品質(zhì)方面考慮，沒有比采收成熟煙葉更重要的了。Treatment 5 is probably unrealistic since there would seldom be a need to delay harvest by 30 days after the tobacco is ripe. But it is a good indicator of how well varieties will hold in the field. All varieties tested lost yield and value in treatment 5. However, there were significant differences among varieties in the magnitude of the loss.處理5可能是不切實際的，因為很少需要在煙葉成熟后推遲30天采收。這項研究是設(shè)計通過在不同成熟時期完成最后采收來測定成熟速率和耐熟能力。成熟速率是由氮吸收、降雨量、溫度、根系健康狀況和品種所決定的。9 / 9Topping and Sucker ControlTopping tobacco in the button stage (soon after the flower begins to appear) rather than later increases yield and body if suckers are controlled. When tobacco plants are not topped for three weeks after reaching the button stage, yields are reduced by 20 to 25 pounds per acre per day, or about 1 percent per acre per day when normal yields are in the 2,000 to 2,500poundsperacre range. 打頂和