【正文】 When the top five to six leaves were kept separate from the rest of the plant and when they were ripe to overripe, they consistently received a tip grade. The nitrogen rate reduced tip grade production only when the high nitrogen rate resulted in greenish or green color grades. Variety had no influence on tip production at any location. 當(dāng)最上部56片口十與煙株上的其它葉片分開采收而且達到成熟或過熟時，它們總是進入頂葉等級。雖然2002年和2003年的天氣情況差別很大，但是質(zhì)量的變化趨勢是一樣的。The variety data collected in the 2002 through 2004 holding ability tests are shown in Figures 81, 82, and 83. The study was designed to measure the ripening rate and holding ability by pleting the final harvest at various stages of ripeness. The first and second primings were pleted at normal times. However, the third (final) priming was made at the following times: 在20022004年耐熟能力試驗中收集的品種數(shù)據(jù)見圖8l、82和8—3。后期施用延遲煙葉成熟，導(dǎo)致雜色未熟等級的產(chǎn)生。 in contrast to 對、和……相比Priming n. picking up 采收，采摘Burley n. a thinbodied aircured tobacco grown mainly in Kentucky白肋煙TextIn 2005, tobacco will be produced and marketed without price support for the first time since 1939. Price schedules will reflect an emphasis on quality, with deep discounts for unripe and immature grades. In the postbuyout environment, profitability will be directly related to the marketing of quality tobacco produced at the lowest cost. A number of management practices affect tobacco quality. Some of the most important are as follows: 在2005年，煙草將自1939年以來第一次在沒有價格支持下生產(chǎn)和銷售。 ●腋芽數(shù)增加，腋芽控制效果降低。成熟速率是由氮吸收、降雨量、溫度、根系健康狀況和品種所決定的。Treatment 5 is probably unrealistic since there would seldom be a need to delay harvest by 30 days after the tobacco is ripe. But it is a good indicator of how well varieties will hold in the field. All varieties tested lost yield and value in treatment 5. However, there were significant differences among varieties in the magnitude of the loss.處理5可能是不切實際的，因為很少需要在煙葉成熟后推遲30天采收。近幾年，許多種植者把上部過熟葉、上二棚葉和頂葉混在一起一次采收，這樣就減少了產(chǎn)生頂葉等級的機會，也降低了煙草公司在煙葉配方方面能力的發(fā)揮。例如，一些卷煙制造商可能喜歡在卷煙中用較多的頂部煙葉，而另一些則可能喜歡買少量的下部葉。 and treatment 5, 40 days later than treatment 1. Thus, tobacco was harvested from slightly unripe (treatment 1) to 30 days past the earliest stage of ripeness (treatment 5). 處理1，比理想的成熟早7天；處理2，比處理1(成熟煙葉)晚10天；處理3，比處理1晚20天；處理4，比處理1晚30天；處理5，比處理1晚40天。成功控制腋芽生長的關(guān)鍵是適時施用腋芽抑制劑以及適量施用接觸性和內(nèi)吸性抑制劑。 ●成熟延遲。在后煙草配額買斷的環(huán)境下，利潤將直接與以最低成本生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)質(zhì)煙草的銷售相關(guān)。如果煙株在現(xiàn)蕾期后三周不打頂，則每天每英畝減少產(chǎn)量20～25磅，或者在正常產(chǎn)量在每英畝2000～2500磅的范圍內(nèi)時每天減少l％的產(chǎn)量。第一次和第二次采摘是在正常時間完成。 Leaf Separation by Stalk PositionThe American blend cigarette is posed of several types of tobacco including fluecured, burley, and Ori