【正文】 carrier. The structure is, however, significantly stronger, since the bulkhead must be oiltight and the double bottom must withstand the high density ore load. Only the central tank or hold carries cargo, the other tank areas being ballastonly spaces, except the double bottom which may carry oil fuel or fresh water. 礦 /散 /油船（ OBO）是目前最流行的兼用散貨船。 Large hatches are a feature of all bulk carriers, in order to facilitate rapid simple cargo handling. Many bulk carriers do not carry cargohandling equipment, since they trade between special terminals which have special equipment. Where cargo handling gear is fitted (geared bulk carriers), this does make the vessel more flexible. Combination carriers handling oil cargoes have their own cargo pumps and piping systems for discharging oil. They will also be required to conform to the requirements of MARPOL 73/78. Deadweight capacities range from small to upwards of 200,000 tonnes. Speeds are in the range of 12~16 knots. 第 11 頁(yè) 共 36 頁(yè) 大艙口是所有散貨船的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，以便促使貨物搬運(yùn)既迅速又簡(jiǎn)單。它們也被要求滿(mǎn)足 MARPOL 73/78 規(guī)定。 現(xiàn)在用專(zhuān)用船將各種形式的氣體裝在各種液艙系統(tǒng)里，這種系統(tǒng)結(jié)合了給氣體加壓和制冷的措施。其余的氣體，主要由甲烷組成，被稱(chēng)為“天然氣”。遠(yuǎn)洋渡船給國(guó)與國(guó)之間的運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)提供了必要的紐帶。這就造成這類(lèi)船舶的顯著特征是擁有大量的上層建筑。雖然一些更老、更大的船仍在服役，這類(lèi)巡航班船的載客能力可大到約 1200 人（ 45 000 總噸），航速通常高達(dá) 22 節(jié)左右?？团摰臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)根據(jù)旅途的長(zhǎng)短有所區(qū)別。船的尺度將根據(jù)航線需要而不同，航速則高達(dá) 20 至 22 節(jié)左右。 ⑴ 根據(jù)詞性擇義 英語(yǔ)單詞常常是一詞多性，可用作名詞、動(dòng)詞或形容詞等。 ⑶ 根據(jù)上下文擇義 許多英語(yǔ)名詞，即使在同一專(zhuān)業(yè)中使用時(shí)也常有不同的意義，因此必須根據(jù)上下文的意思來(lái)正確選擇詞義。詞義的直譯和意譯都是無(wú)可非議的。 4． 語(yǔ)序調(diào)整 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換往往需同時(shí)調(diào)整句子成分 。因此在英譯漢時(shí)常常要采用省譯、增譯和重譯等手法。 專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Spaces Aboard Ships Zone 1: After End (aft peak tank amp。 ⑵ 增譯 英語(yǔ)中的名詞復(fù)數(shù)、動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)的搭配關(guān)系以及必要的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明等，往往需要增 譯，以期使譯文正確、明了。 第 13 頁(yè) 共 36 頁(yè) 5． 詞量增減 英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在表達(dá)同一思想時(shí)所用的詞匯量通常不可能相等。但這并不意味著譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)一定要按照原來(lái)的詞性來(lái)對(duì)譯。 另外，在有些情況下，各種詞典都找不到所遇單詞或詞組的確切含義，這時(shí)就需要進(jìn)行大膽聯(lián)想，引申出一個(gè)合適的詞義。 ⑵ 根據(jù)專(zhuān)業(yè)擇義 英語(yǔ)單詞，特別是英語(yǔ)名詞，不同專(zhuān)業(yè)使用時(shí)常有不同的含義。因?yàn)樵~是文章的基本元素，所以詞義選擇是英譯漢的基本工作。對(duì)于長(zhǎng)途渡船，其住艙和休閑設(shè)施的豪華程度可達(dá)到巡航班船的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因此這種船由三層組成，底層的機(jī)艙、車(chē)輛甲板和旅客住艙。從審美的角度看，這類(lèi)船舶明顯具有充分前傾的 飛剪式船首和第 12 頁(yè) 共 36 頁(yè) 不同尋常的煙囪造型。 Luxury passenger liners are nowadays considered to be cruise liners in that they provide luxurious transport between interesting destinations in pleasure climates. The passenger is provided with a superior standard of acmodation and leisure facilities. This result in large amount of superstructure as a prominent feature of the vessel. The many tiers of decks are fitted with large open lounges, ballrooms, swimming pools and promenade areas. Aesthetically pleasing lines are evident with wellraked clippertype bows and unusual funnel shapes. Stabilizers are fitted to reduce rolling and bow thrusters are used to improve maneuverability. The cruise liner ranges in size up to passengercarrying capacities of around 1,200 (45,000 gt) although a few older large vessels are in service. Speeds are usually high in the region of 22 knots. 由于豪華班船在氣候宜人的季節(jié)里為旅游勝地之間提供高檔的客運(yùn)服務(wù)，所以現(xiàn)在通常作為旅游班輪。 Passenger ships 客船 Passenger ships can be considered in two categories, the luxury liner and the oceangoing ferry. The luxury liner is dedicated to the luxurious transport of its human “cargo”. The oceangoing ferry provides a necessary link in a transport system between countries. It often carries rollon rolloff in addition to its passengers. 客船可以分為兩類(lèi)，即豪華班船和遠(yuǎn)洋渡船。它是甲烷，乙烷，丙烷，丁烷和戊烷的混合物。速度在 12 到 16 節(jié)。安裝起貨機(jī)后（自裝卸散裝貨船），確實(shí)能使船舶更加靈活。但其結(jié)構(gòu)要強(qiáng)的多，因?yàn)槠渑摫诒仨氂兔芮译p層底必須承受高密度礦砂的載荷。船也設(shè)置雙層底，但只用來(lái)裝壓載水。在壓載航行時(shí)邊艙和雙層底提供壓載能力。礦砂因密度大，如果裝在普通船的貨艙里其重心會(huì)很低。在卸載時(shí)，散貨落到艙口下方，便于抓斗或其他機(jī)械卸貨裝置的使用。 In a generalpurpose bulk carrier, only the central section of the hold is used for cargo. The partitioned tanks which surround the hold are used for ballast purposes when on ballast voyages. The upper, or saddle, tanks may be ballasted in order to raise the ship?s centre of gravity when a low density cargo is carried. This hold shape also results in a selftrimming cargo. During unloading the bulk cargo 第 10 頁(yè) 共 36 頁(yè) falls into the space below the hatchway and enables the use of grabs or other mechanical unloaders. Large hatchways are a particular feature of bulk carriers since they reduce cargo handling time during loading and unloading. 在多用途船散貨船上，只有貨艙的中央部位用來(lái)裝貨。 Bulk carriers 散貨船 The economies of scale have also been gained in the bulk carriage of cargoes such as gra in, sugar and ore. A bulk carrier is a singledeck vessel with the cargo carrying sections of the ship divided into holds or tanks. The hold or tank arrangements vary according to the range of cargoes to be carried. Combination carriers are bulk carriers which have been designed to carry any one of several bulk cargoes on a particular voyage, . ore or crude oil or dry bulk cargo. 諸如谷粒、糖和礦砂等貨物的大宗運(yùn)載也贏得了規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。同樣，其油艙布置受 MARPOL 73/78 的約束。住艙和機(jī)艙位于船尾，并用隔離艙與油艙區(qū)分開(kāi)。貨物由設(shè)在后泵房的貨油泵卸出。油船在壓載航行時(shí)必須只使用它的隔離壓載水艙以便獲得一種安全的運(yùn)行狀況。這些船所裝的提煉產(chǎn)品包括汽油，航空燃油和煤油。油船特別是原油船已顯著地增加了尺度以獲得規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)。每一種船可用來(lái)裝載集裝箱，而升降式載駁船也能攜帶滾裝貨。早駁船甲板的前端設(shè)置了駁船絞車(chē)房，并布置了用于駁船水平運(yùn)動(dòng)的機(jī)械。兩層 間甲板和露天甲板用來(lái)存放駁船。載駁船很大，在 45000 載重噸左右，速度在 18 節(jié)左右。用一臺(tái)舉力超過(guò) 500 噸的移動(dòng)式門(mén)架起重機(jī)來(lái)裝卸駁船。這一運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)很少或甚至不需要港口設(shè)備，它特別適合于有大量?jī)?nèi)陸水道的國(guó)家。尺度變化很大， 16000 載重噸（ 28000排水噸）相當(dāng)普遍。 The ship?s structure outboard of the cargo decks is a boxlike arrangement of wing tanks to provide longitudinal strength. A double bottom is also fitted along the plete length. The acmodation is located aft and also the lowheight machinery space. Only a narrow machinery casing actually perates the loading deck. Sizes range considerably with about 16,000 dwt (28,000 displacement tonne) being quite mon. High speeds in the region of 18~22 knots are usual. 貨物加班舷側(cè)部分的船體結(jié)構(gòu)是箱形布置的邊艙，以提供縱向強(qiáng)度。為了裝運(yùn)集裝箱或雜貨，船上可有一個(gè)或幾個(gè)艙口，并配有一臺(tái)或幾臺(tái)甲板吊車(chē)。車(chē)架下空間和上部間隙損失了裝卸容積，因而許多滾裝船也設(shè)計(jì)成適于裝載集裝箱。集裝箱船比大多數(shù)船快得多，速度高達(dá) 30 節(jié)。 The acmodation and machinery spaces are usually located aft to provide the maximum length of fullboded ship for container stowage. Cargohandling equipment is rarely fitted, since these ships travel between specially equipped terminals to ensure rapid loading and discharge. Conta