【正文】 即譯者邊讀邊譯的草 稿，送校對者校對用的清稿，以及送交出版單位的定稿?！胺g講座”的目的就是希望讀者通過學(xué)習(xí)與訓(xùn)練，能順利地涉足科技文獻(xiàn)翻譯工作。 Passengercarrying vessels include cruise liners and ferries. Many special types of vessel exist which perform particular functions or are developments of particular aspects of technology. These include multihull vessels, hydrofoil and hovercraft. 運載旅客的船舶包括（定期） 旅游船 和 渡船 。 General cargo ships 常規(guī)雜貨船 The general cargo ships have several large clear open cargocarrying spaces or holds. One or more separate decks may be present within the holds and are known as “tween decks”. These provide increased flexibility in loading and unloading and permit cargo segregation as well as improved stability. Access to these holds is by openings in the deck known as hatches. 雜貨船有幾個大而寬敞的載貨空間或貨艙。 The hatch covers must be watertight and rest upon coamings around the hatch. 艙口蓋必須水密并坐落在圍著開口的艙口圍板上 。這些液艙可用作燃油艙或滑油艙，淡水艙或壓載海水艙。 There is usually one hold aft the acmodation and machinery space. This arrangement improves the trim of the vessel when it is partially loaded. The range of size for general cargo ships is currently from 2,000 to 15,000 displacement tones with speeds from 12 to 18 knots. 住艙和機(jī)艙之后通常設(shè)一個貨艙。因為必須設(shè)制冷系統(tǒng)為這些貨物提供低溫貨艙。它基本上是一種定期貨船，有既定的計劃并在固定的港口之間航行。冷藏集裝箱也在使用，它可以有自己獨立的制冷裝置或由船舶的制冷系統(tǒng)提供冷氣。集裝箱也可以堆放在頂部平坦的艙口蓋上。這些邊艙可以用來裝壓載水，并能安排來抵抗船舶卸箱時產(chǎn)生的橫斜。集裝箱船的尺度變化很大，其集裝箱裝載能力從 1000 箱到2500 箱或更多。 Rollon / rolloff ships 滾裝船 This vessel was originally designed for wheeled cargo, usually in the form of trailers. The cargo could be rapidly loaded and unloaded by stern or bow ramps and sometimes sideports for smaller vehicles. The loss of public capacity due to undercarriages and clearances has resulted in many rollon rolloff vessels being also adapted to carry containers. 這種船原先設(shè)計用于有輪貨物，通常是拖車的形式。內(nèi)部坡道由裝載甲板通向其他間甲板區(qū)域。某些滾裝船也時艙口蓋，以便在下層甲第 7 頁 共 36 頁 板上裝載集裝箱。住艙還有低高度的機(jī)艙都位于船尾。 Barge carrier 載駁船 This type of vessel is a variation of the container ship, instead of containers, standard barges are carried into which the cargo has been previously loaded. The barges, once unloaded, are towed away by tugs and return cargo barges are loaded. Minimal or even no port facilities are required and the system is particularly suited to countries with vast inland waterways. Two particular types will be described, the LASH (Lighter Aboard Ship) and the SEABEE. 這種船是集裝箱船的派生船型，所裝載的不是集裝箱，而是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的駁船，駁船中預(yù)先裝進(jìn)了貨物。 The LASH ship carries barges, capable of holding up to 00 tonne of cargo, which are m ( ft) long, (31ft) beam and m (13 ft) deep. About eighty barges are carried stacked in holds much the same as containers with some as deck cargo on top of the hatch covers. The barges are loaded and unloaded using a traveling gantry crane capable of lifting over 500 tonne. Actual loading and discharge takes place between extended “arms” at the after end of the ship. The shi structure around the barges is similar to the container ship. The acmodation is located forward whereas the machinery space is one hold space forward of the stern. LASH ships are large, in the region of 45,000 deadweight tones, with speeds in the region of 18 knots. 載駁船載運駁船，駁船能裝 400 噸貨物，它長 ()，寬 (31ft)，深 (13ft)。裝駁區(qū)周圍的船體結(jié)構(gòu)與集裝箱船相似。駁船用位于船尾的一臺升降機(jī)上船；然后用絞車沿著各層甲板拖向船首。 The machinery space also extends into the boxlike structure outboard of the barges on either side of the ship. The acmodation is also located here together with several ballast tanks. A barge winch room is located forward of the barge decks and provides the machinery for horizontal movement of the barges. The SEABEE is physically about the same size as the LASH ship but with a slightly smaller deadweight of 38,000 tonnes. The speed is similarly in the region of 18 knots. 機(jī)艙延伸到駁船外側(cè)船舶兩舷箱形結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)。速度也相似在 18 節(jié)左右。還考慮了“拖輪 駁船”系統(tǒng)，系統(tǒng)中“船舶”實際上是一些相連接的駁船，配備一個可分離的推進(jìn)單元。載重噸位超過五百萬的原油船也已制造，盡管當(dāng)前（ 1985）的趨勢是稍微小一點的船舶（十到十五萬載重噸）。這些艙的尺寸和位置由國際海事組織公約 MARPOL 1973/78 所規(guī)定。載貨的液艙包括七個中央艙、四對邊艙和兩個污油艙。 Considerable amounts of piping are visible on the deck running from the after pump room to the discharge manifolds positioned at midships, port and starboard. Hosehandling derricks are fitted port and starboard near the manifolds. The acmodation and machinery spaces are located aft and separated from the tank region by a cofferdam. The range of size for crude oil tankers is enormous, beginning at about 20,000 dwt and extending beyond 500,000 dwt. Speeds range from 12 to 16 knots. 在甲板上可以看到大量管路從后泵房走向位于左右舷船中的卸油分配閥箱。速度范圍是 12 至 16 節(jié)。油艙表面通常有可防止玷污的涂層，同時也可在卸貨后獲得高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的油艙清潔度。貨艙或液艙的布置根據(jù)所載貨物的種類而變化。上邊艙或鞍形艙可以裝壓載，以便在裝低密度貨物時提高船舶的重心。 An ore carrier has two longitudinal bulkheads which divide the cargo section into wing tanks port and starboard and a center hold which is used for ore. A deep double bottom is a particular feature of ore carriers. Ore, being a dense cargo, would have a very low centre of gravity if placed in the hold of a normal ship. This would lead to an excess of stability in the fully loaded condition. The deep double bottom serves to raise the centre of gravity of the very dense cargo. The behaviour of the vessel is thus much improved. On ballast voyages the wing tanks and the double bottoms ballast capacity. The crosssection would be similar to that for an ore / oil carrier. 礦砂船有兩道縱壁，從而將載貨區(qū)域分隔成左右舷的邊艙和一個中央貨艙；中央艙用語裝載礦砂。高雙層底用來提高這種密度貨物的重心。 An ore / oil carrier uses two longitudinal bulkheads to divide the cargo section into centre and wing tanks which are used for the carriage of oil cargoes. When a cargo of ore is carried, only the centre tank section is used for cargo. A double bottom is fitted but is used only for water ballast. The bulkheads and hatches must be oiltight. 礦 /油船用兩道縱壁將載貨區(qū)域分隔成中央貨艙和左右邊艙，邊艙用來裝油。 The ore / bulk / oil (OBO) bulk carrier is currently the most popular bination bulk carrier. It has a cargo carrying crosssection similar to the general bulk