【正文】 .......................................................................................... 錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書簽。 附錄 B 設(shè)計(jì)圖紙 .............................................................................................................. 21 第一章 緒論 研究背景和意義 隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)高速發(fā)展，我國(guó)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)迎來(lái)了有一個(gè)高峰期，大跨徑預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土連續(xù)梁橋在現(xiàn)代高速公路橋梁中的比重越來(lái)越大，并且已經(jīng)成為高速公路應(yīng)用廣泛的橋型之一。由于材料土強(qiáng)度不高，所施加的預(yù)加應(yīng)力又因?yàn)榛炷潦湛s、徐變影響而消失殆盡，直至本世紀(jì) 20 年代人們的研究與嘗試才取得了一定的突破。在施工技術(shù)方面，以懸拼、懸灌為代表的無(wú)支架施工方法走向成熟，施工機(jī)具的現(xiàn)代化水平正在提高，施工管理水平也上了一個(gè)新臺(tái)階。 [4]（劉翠云，董傳洲 .國(guó)外預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土連續(xù)梁橋發(fā)展和施工技術(shù) [J].世界橋梁， 2021,1~2）。通過(guò)對(duì)大跨徑連續(xù)梁橋的成橋檢測(cè)，可以了解橋梁的實(shí)際工作狀況，它的承載能力、剛度是否馬努設(shè)計(jì)要求，為橋梁的竣工驗(yàn)收作出科學(xué)和客觀評(píng)價(jià)，此外也為橋梁的正常運(yùn)營(yíng)養(yǎng)護(hù)提供技術(shù)依據(jù)，為橋梁的設(shè)計(jì)理論、施工技術(shù)總結(jié)積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 R23 HRB335 級(jí)鋼筋技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)符合國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB1301319991 和 GB14991998 的規(guī)定。橋梁位于里東窯互通 B、 C匝道的交匯處，橋梁平曲線位于 A= 和 A=160m 及直線段內(nèi)，橋梁寬度變化較大。 3 橋面設(shè)置 10cm 防水鋪裝層 +10 瀝青混凝土鋪裝層，瀝青鋪裝層與橋面鋪裝間加設(shè)瀝青粘結(jié)層和防水層。 7 墩臺(tái)沉降：橋墩基礎(chǔ)不均勻沉降按 5mm 計(jì)，橋臺(tái)基礎(chǔ)沉降按 7mm 計(jì)。 設(shè)計(jì)荷載 恒載 內(nèi)力 恒載 內(nèi)力 主要包括 一期恒載（箱梁自重）和二期恒載（橋面鋪裝和防撞護(hù)欄等橋面系）作用下的內(nèi)力。到此恒載就加完了軟件會(huì)自行計(jì)算結(jié)果的。 連續(xù)梁橋?yàn)槌o定結(jié)構(gòu)，活載內(nèi)力計(jì)算以影響線為基礎(chǔ)。 最后添加移動(dòng)荷載工況即可。 圖 32 節(jié)點(diǎn)的 x坐標(biāo)見圖 33 圖 33 施工階段劃分 滿堂支架就地澆筑法不存在受力結(jié)構(gòu)體系轉(zhuǎn)換一般不考慮劃分施工階段，但是應(yīng)用 midas civil 軟件進(jìn)行截面強(qiáng)度、應(yīng)力、裂縫驗(yàn)算時(shí)要應(yīng)用到一次預(yù)加力、二次預(yù)加力、收縮二次力、徐變二次力，在進(jìn)行荷載組合時(shí)必須設(shè)置施工階段才能出現(xiàn)以上內(nèi)力組合。 公路橋涵結(jié)構(gòu)按承載能力極限狀態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，應(yīng)采用基本組合效應(yīng)。 公路橋涵結(jié)構(gòu)按正常使用極限狀態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)不同的設(shè)計(jì)要求，采用以下兩種效應(yīng)組合： 1 作用短期效應(yīng)組合。 還有一個(gè)是各分項(xiàng)系數(shù)均為 1 的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組合，其中只有基本組合和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組合考慮移動(dòng)荷載的 沖擊系數(shù)。 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書 公路 預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土連續(xù)梁橋設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué)生姓名 吳月峰 學(xué)號(hào) 20211622 班級(jí) 橋梁 087 專業(yè) 土木工程 承擔(dān)指導(dǎo)任務(wù)單位 土木工程 學(xué) 院 導(dǎo)師 姓名 張彥玲 導(dǎo)師 職稱 副教授 1． 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容 (1)查閱有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，掌握中等跨徑預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土連續(xù)梁橋設(shè)計(jì)和施工的最新發(fā)展?fàn)顩r； (2)根據(jù)自己所設(shè)計(jì)的橋型和截面，在有支架現(xiàn)澆、移動(dòng)模 架、簡(jiǎn)支轉(zhuǎn)連續(xù)三種方法中選擇合理的施工方法和施工工序，并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的內(nèi)力計(jì)算、主梁預(yù)應(yīng)力筋設(shè)計(jì)、橋面板配筋設(shè)計(jì)； (3)進(jìn)行正常使用極限狀態(tài)和承載能力極限狀態(tài)下的截面應(yīng)力、撓度、裂縫和承載力校核； (4)繪制全橋施工設(shè)計(jì)圖。 2．國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 近 20 年來(lái)隨著我國(guó)交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土連續(xù)梁橋的建設(shè)取得了很大的成就 。 指導(dǎo)老師簽字 時(shí) 間 年 月 日 您好，為你提供優(yōu)秀 的畢業(yè)論文參考資料，請(qǐng)您刪除以下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝！?。?A large group of tea merchants on camels and horses from Northwest China39。t help but sing the folk songs, Nasun says. The vastness of Inner Mongolia and the lack of entertainment options for people living there, made their lives lonely. The nomadic people were very excited about our visits, Nasun recalls. We didn39。s villages and entertain nomadic families, but their fame has spread around the world. On May 16 and 17, nearly 100 singers and dancers from the troupe performed at Beijing39。s cultural foray overseas, has been widely panned by its home audience. Retitled Empresses in the Palace, the American version has been shortened from its original 76 episodes at 45 minutes each, to six 90minute episodes. The quick pacing threw off many native viewers, who are accustomed to a more leisurely daytimesoapstyle narrative rhythm. (Chinese TV stations would run two or three episodes every day.) I did not finish the fulllength version and found the truncated one not difficult to follow. What39。ve not yet read it, I strongly encourage you to do so. In this essay, the venerable Emerson talks about eschewing the trappings of society and finding one39。m nothing if not that! In his text he expounds on the idea that one must give their life a purpose. And that is the true topic of this entry. These last four years have been so easy: teach for a grand total of six hours a week, and the rest of my time is mine. Since I39。 he wondered how in the world he came to belong there. Indeed his penning and publishing this essay caused his exmunication from high society and also caused him a lot of legal trouble. The legal trouble came as a result of the fact that he was speaking out against the government. I like to reference such texts from time to time as an example both of the fact that history does repeat itself and that this world is not so big that what applies to one society does not in any way touch another society. On a much smaller scale,Emerson39。s to e and recapping the key points. This device, not used in the original, is culturally understandable but artistically mediocre. What puzzles me is the two new songs for the opening and end credits. They were written in English, but sung by Chinese with an unfortable accent. They were obviously designed to appeal to an Englishspeaking base, but do not jibe with the Chinese dialogue. Speaking of the dialogue, the English translation, picked apart by some Chinese, is too literal for my taste. I can imagine a typical American hit by a flurry of royal ranks, addresses and greetings, even multiple names and titles for the same person. The first half hour must be a swamp to wade through, very much like my experience of getting through a Tolstoy tome with its endless inflections of names transliterated into lengthy Chinese. I see the choice of verbatim translation as an effort for conveying exotica. It is fairly petent, with no error that I could detect, but fails to rise above words or capture the essence of the language. A cultural product usually crosses over to a foreign territory first by an emphasis on the monalities. But whether inside or outside China, the temptation to sell it for the differences is just too great. Sure, the sumptuous sets and costumes are a big attraction, but the narrative technique has bee－ how shall I put it?－ a bit anglicized, which is necessary for cultural export. Judging by the responses, this legend, which, contrary to the claim of the English trailer, is totally fictitious, has departed from China but not yet landed on American shores. I am a big fan of Ralph Waldo Emerson39。s president, who is also a renowned tenor, tells China Daily. During a tour in 1985, he went to a village and met an elderly local man, who told him a story about his friendship with a solider from Shenyang, capital of Northeast China39