【正文】
In order to prevent the confusion, have issued automobile having a monopoly in and policy of power of management of car, Standardize the market with the administration means. Stage buyer39。 auto industry for representatives39。s sales are capable, Can39。t fry arbitrarily or demand a lower price arbitrarily, Sold and reduced the round transport of the products in the dividing area. However, because products little batch, need great amount of profit to guarantee the returns on investment, Because it is tense to supply, because the states of Chinese consumer and distributor can not totally forbid circuitously with the profiteering. At present, China has already begun to implement the monopolized shop system of the automobile, has already had practice of a few years too to sell the car to pay by installments. And play a greater and greater role. This is a foreign ripe mode, sell the car in the new developing department store in the world, China has already appeared too, the ebusiness of automobile is tried to some extent at home too at the same time. Like whole China39。 The third is puter , furniture , automobile ,etc.. According to investigation result, the purchase desires to the automobile of people are not very strong, will consider buying the automobile only after they have houses. Will it be spring 2020, Chinese auto industry association make one entitled 39。t all show consumer demand of the domestic automobile at present , but they have all left a mon view on us: As to at present, consumers of our country are not still very strong to the desire to purchase car. (2) consumer purchasing power 2020 such as current situation in automobile China urban consumption of resident shape investigation indicate, 12 big cities than in the developed east of national economy, most residents39。 actual solvency greatly . Under such a situation, do residents go back to buy the car? We finally find resident buy car, but also car have more fine even grades even. A point of survey reports offered according to the research association of market research of the Chinese automobile, urban family at present buy price grade proportion of automobile a heavy one 10~13 ten thousand the train most, that is to say about Xiali of style , accounts for 31%。 It is that various kinds of automobile consumption policies are not clear to put in the reason of the second。s marketing is: Quantity is numerous, the organization disperses, and the state is confused. However, as regards Chinese auto industry, it is in many aspects to sell the unit in fund, assets, talent, knowledge, technological resource, user39。 在這種形勢(shì)下一一汽車工業(yè)如何發(fā)展 ?中國(guó)汽車市場(chǎng)和營(yíng)銷又該是何種狀況呢 ? 我們首先回顧一下中國(guó)汽車工業(yè)與中國(guó)汽車市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷的發(fā)展過(guò)程。 在這一階段,初步形成了以中型載貨汽車為主的汽車工業(yè)和關(guān)聯(lián)產(chǎn)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)體系。 第二階段 (1979— 1993 年 ):汽車工業(yè)快速發(fā)展階段。 一一汽車生產(chǎn)規(guī)模迅速擴(kuò)大,產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)較快。 1994 年 7 月國(guó)務(wù)院正式頒布《汽車工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策》,對(duì)指導(dǎo)、規(guī)范中國(guó)汽車工業(yè)發(fā)展具有重要意義。 一一汽車企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的重點(diǎn)開始轉(zhuǎn)向產(chǎn)品水平、性能和質(zhì)量的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。回顧汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展,改革開放以后的一段時(shí)期是一個(gè)重要時(shí)間,按照計(jì)委的分類第二階段一一 7893 年,中國(guó)汽車工業(yè)經(jīng)歷了封車節(jié)油,以油定產(chǎn),以鋼定產(chǎn),大規(guī)模進(jìn)口等過(guò)程,經(jīng)歷了合資合作和國(guó)產(chǎn) 化的洗煉。成噸的水泥瀝青不去蓋房子,白白倒在路上,這是典型的溫飽階段思想。五”計(jì)劃中,將汽車工業(yè)首次確立為支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。但是,正如我們對(duì)汽車工業(yè)發(fā)展認(rèn)識(shí)不足一樣,我們對(duì)汽車市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展也認(rèn)識(shí)不足。 關(guān)于私人購(gòu)車,一直存在著一些反對(duì)的認(rèn)識(shí)觀點(diǎn)。一個(gè)單雙號(hào),將 212 市場(chǎng)的良好勢(shì)頭打壓回去,而北京實(shí)施的環(huán)保新指標(biāo),由于沒(méi)有更好的事先準(zhǔn)備和協(xié)調(diào),使銷勢(shì)正旺的微車一下冷落下來(lái),而在京郊農(nóng)村,剛剛開始進(jìn)入微車、 212 階段的農(nóng)民,又只好回到更污染、更耗能,更不安全的農(nóng)車、手拖時(shí)代。我們也可以給汽車市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行階段的劃分 : 第一階段一一計(jì)劃分配階段 (— 1978 年 ): 這一階段的特點(diǎn)是產(chǎn)品嚴(yán)格計(jì)劃分配,由物資機(jī)電部門統(tǒng)一銷售,汽車生產(chǎn)部門生產(chǎn),這一階段企業(yè)不直接銷售汽車。 第三階段一一買方市場(chǎng)階段 (1992 年 — ): 基本特點(diǎn)是市場(chǎng)持續(xù)低迷,銷售利潤(rùn)降低,市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)劇烈,多種銷售方式出現(xiàn),分期付款,租賃、租售等新方式迅速發(fā)展。 2.制造廠體系:以主機(jī)廠為主建立的自有、聯(lián)營(yíng)體系。 中國(guó)的汽車市場(chǎng)有獨(dú)特之處,是先有社會(huì)經(jīng)銷商,后有主機(jī)廠銷售汽車,中國(guó)百姓認(rèn)可和承認(rèn)了這些經(jīng)銷商,但這些經(jīng)銷商和主機(jī)廠關(guān)系卻不固 定。 3.售后服務(wù)無(wú)保證。 94 年國(guó)務(wù)院頒發(fā)的汽車工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策明確指出: 2020 年汽車總產(chǎn)量要滿足國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)百分之九十以上的需要 (第一條 )。針對(duì)這種情況, 99 年新的兩家轎車合資企業(yè)一上海通用和廣州本國(guó)采取了全新的營(yíng)銷模式,實(shí)行區(qū)域有限代理的方法,每地選擇有限幾家企業(yè),每家企業(yè)投入幾百上千萬(wàn)的高額資金,建立專賣店制度。并發(fā)揮越來(lái)越大的作用。 現(xiàn)階段,我國(guó)汽車消費(fèi)者需求的現(xiàn)狀。而要研究市場(chǎng)需求,首先就得研究市場(chǎng)上消費(fèi)者的需求。 (一)消費(fèi)者對(duì)汽車的購(gòu)買欲望現(xiàn)狀 北京大視野社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)查有限責(zé)任公司對(duì)有購(gòu)買意向的家庭“主要購(gòu)買目標(biāo)”做了專相調(diào)查。只有在研究汽車消費(fèi)者需求后,各汽車生產(chǎn)企業(yè)才可以決定“生產(chǎn)何種汽車”,“為誰(shuí)生產(chǎn)汽車”和“怎樣生產(chǎn)汽車”?,F(xiàn)代企業(yè)的營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)必須以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向,市場(chǎng)上需要什么,企業(yè)就生產(chǎn)什么。 與整個(gè)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)一樣,汽車工業(yè)尤其是汽車市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷,在新世紀(jì)到來(lái)之際和在 WT0 面前,也面臨著跟上和追趕世界先進(jìn)水平的問(wèn)題。但是,由于產(chǎn)品批量小,需要高額利潤(rùn)才能保證投資回收,由于供應(yīng)緊張,也由于中國(guó)消費(fèi)者和經(jīng)銷商的狀態(tài)并不能完全禁止迂回和倒賣。鼓勵(lì)汽車工業(yè)企業(yè)按照國(guó)際上通行的原則和模式自行建立產(chǎn)品銷售系統(tǒng)和售后服務(wù)系統(tǒng)(第五十條 )。回款困難,呆帳賴帳時(shí)有發(fā)生。更為突出的是經(jīng)銷商都在搶俏貨賣,造成了汽車市場(chǎng)的混亂,主要表現(xiàn)有幾點(diǎn): 1.價(jià)格混亂。 4.汽車交易市場(chǎng):各地興起的汽車集中交易場(chǎng)所。 80 年代后期和 90 年代中期,逐步形成了汽車銷售的幾大體系。 同時(shí),盡管汽車市場(chǎng)有起有落, 總體還是以賣方市場(chǎng)為主,一個(gè)重要特點(diǎn)是汽車銷售成為高利潤(rùn)行業(yè),汽車銷售公司大量涌現(xiàn),不僅原有國(guó)營(yíng)主渠道大力發(fā)展規(guī)模和擴(kuò)散布點(diǎn),軍工、農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)成系統(tǒng)地轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)銷車,個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì)也進(jìn)入汽車銷售領(lǐng)域。于是,汽車工 業(yè)的發(fā)展環(huán)境有望得到根本改善。 實(shí)際上,轎車進(jìn)入中國(guó)家庭的步伐已經(jīng)開始。 80 年代初,人們沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到微型車是一個(gè)極有前途的產(chǎn)品,對(duì)發(fā)展微型車提出很多疑問(wèn),甚至反對(duì)發(fā)展微型車,現(xiàn)在微型車是增長(zhǎng)最快的車型。八個(gè)企業(yè)均是合資或引進(jìn)技術(shù)生產(chǎn),使汽車工業(yè)整體水平上了一個(gè)臺(tái)階,基本達(dá)到甚至超過(guò)了世界 80 年代水平,生產(chǎn)規(guī)模擴(kuò)大,產(chǎn) 品結(jié)構(gòu)改變,技術(shù)水平提高,基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了“高起點(diǎn),大批量,走專業(yè)化道路”的目標(biāo)。 中國(guó)汽車工業(yè)發(fā)展中的一些挫折,不能不說(shuō)和這些認(rèn)識(shí)有關(guān),為了糾正這些認(rèn)識(shí),也必然要出付“學(xué)費(fèi)”?!边@個(gè)核心中沒(méi)有市場(chǎng)二字。 我們可以看出,在這幾個(gè)分類中,在第三階段的后半部,才出現(xiàn)了市場(chǎng)二字。 一一產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步得到改善。 一一汽車工業(yè)整體技術(shù)水平得到提高。 一一 1987 年,國(guó)務(wù)院確定了加快發(fā)展轎車工業(yè)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,并確定“三大”、“三小”轎車生產(chǎn)基地。 一一北京、上海、南京、濟(jì)南等地的一些汽車修配廠從單一的汽車修理廠發(fā)展為仿制汽車的汽車制造廠。最近,在國(guó)家計(jì)委與德國(guó)大眾合作進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究,使用了這樣一種分類。s own position, and seek one39。 Following reason to save up very enough money is it buy train to e yet . We think, there will be the following characteristics in the marketing mode of Chinese auto industry in future: subject: In the style that is produced in enormous quantities, the marketing system taking manufacturing pany of production as the core will bee and sell the subject organized. Sell the overall market strategy that the enterprise obeys and implements the manufacturing pany. partnership: The manufacturing pany looks for as dependent on each other as lips and teeth, strategic partner sharing weal or woe, The great majority are sold the strategic partner that the unit will form the longterm, firm relation with the largescale automobile enterprise group separately. group organize: Under certain geographical range and user39。s purchasing power on the automobile market of our country at present too, though include the loan to consume among them (3), consumer relevant environmental current situation to