【正文】 網(wǎng)子數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，找平子數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，和三角子數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。 1:1 萬(wàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是國(guó)家基礎(chǔ)地理信息的一個(gè)重要組成部分。 地形數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)包括 14 層作為 水文，交通，邊界，定居點(diǎn)，地形，植被等的數(shù)字高程模型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)包括兩種： 100 100 米和 3 3“。 2020 年和數(shù)據(jù)處理將在 2020 年年底，將完成野外工作。 一個(gè)階網(wǎng)絡(luò)由 33 個(gè)站，和 818 點(diǎn)的 B階網(wǎng)絡(luò)組成。 自 1991年以來(lái)，國(guó)家測(cè)繪局共同在中國(guó)的其他機(jī)構(gòu)，已重新計(jì)算第一階平，241 平線和 77 收盤 lops，和 93,000 公里的領(lǐng)域。 自 1997 年以來(lái)，基礎(chǔ)測(cè)繪成為獨(dú)立的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展廢止計(jì)劃的重要部分之一。 國(guó)家測(cè)繪局發(fā)出的重要地理數(shù)據(jù)的高度重 視，制定了有關(guān)規(guī)定和國(guó)家基礎(chǔ)地理信息應(yīng)用的決定，并授權(quán)國(guó)家基礎(chǔ)地理數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用 SY干。 17 在過(guò)去幾年里，中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院頒布了測(cè)量及測(cè)繪測(cè)繪成果管理?xiàng)l例“等有關(guān)的一些規(guī)定，地圖編制出版，測(cè)量標(biāo)志保護(hù)條例”的規(guī)定。 二 、 法律法規(guī) 由全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)于 1992 年 12 月頒布的“中國(guó)人民共和國(guó)測(cè)繪法。 在大多數(shù)城市和縣，測(cè)繪行政辦公室已成立。 監(jiān)督和管理，國(guó)家測(cè)繪預(yù)算和其他專項(xiàng)資金。審查和發(fā)放經(jīng)授權(quán)的重要地理信息數(shù)據(jù) 。編寫易數(shù)百例，白波，國(guó)家測(cè)繪局，北京 100830 三里河路 。 中國(guó)政府在 1998 年的重組中，國(guó)家測(cè)繪局仍然為一體的國(guó)家局，但移動(dòng)建設(shè)部，國(guó)土資源部。 不少重要 的項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)完成，如中國(guó)的 GPS 定位網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，1:25 萬(wàn)，在未來(lái)幾年，在中國(guó)的主要任務(wù)是： 1:50,000 大型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的建立，網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)國(guó)家基礎(chǔ)地理信息系統(tǒng)。s Republic of China 4 was promulgated by the National People39。 examining and issuing important geographic information and data upon authorization。 1 Development of Surveying and Mapping in China during 19972020 Abstract From 1997 to 2020, great development has been made on surveying and mapping in China. Quite a few important projects have been pleted, such as China GPS positioning work, 1:250,000 scale database, etc. In the ing years, the main tasks in China are: the establishment of 1:50,000 scale database, and the construction of Network for National Fundamental Geographic Information Systems. I. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE The State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of China (SBSM) is an administrative agency of the Chinese Government for surveying and mapping, which was established in 1956. SBSM has two main functions: the organization and management of the national basic surveying and mapping work。 drafting standard sample maps defining the international boundaries of the People’s Republic of China in cooperation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs。 and the professional surveying and mapping system. According to the statistics in 1998, there are over 5700 surveying and mapping units in China, which are legally qualified for mapping work, including 400 GradeA units, 1000 GradeB units, 2100 GradeC units, and 2200 GradeD units. II. LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS The Surveying and Mapping Law of the People39。s, SBSM pleted the construction of 1:250,000 national database in 1998. The database consists of three subdatabases: the topographic subdatabase, DEM database, and geographic name subdatabase. The data for the databases are from 816 sheets of 1:250,000 maps. The topographic database includes 14 layers, such as hydrography, transportation, boundaries, settlement, topography, vegetation, etc. The DEM database includes two kinds: 100100m and 33. The geographic database has over 800,000 place names registered. For the establishment of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure, SBSM launched in 1999 the construction of 1:50,000 national databases, including the Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) database, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) database, the Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM) database, the Digital Line Graphic (DLG) database, the Geographic 7 Names database, and the Landcover database. The construction of the 1:50,000 national databases would be the main tasks for SBSM in the ing years. 1:10,000 database is one important part of the national fundamental geographic information. The establishment of 1:10,000 database is the main tasks for provincial and regional bureaus. SBSM has worked out Guidelines for 1:10,000 Fundamental Geographic Information Revision and Database Designing. SBSM also has published guidelines for standardization of urban geographic information system. The National Geodetic Database, as an important part of national fundamental geographic information systems, was established in the period of 19951999, including gravity subdatabase, GPS work subdatabase, leveling subdatabase, and triangulation subdatabase. During the reported period, SBSM restructured the production units and established a group of production bases for digital products. A national digital surveying and mapping production systems has been formed under the support of 3S technology (GPS, RS and GIS) and with 4D products (DEM, DRG, DOM and DLG). In 1999, as approved by the Chinese government, SBSM started a special large project called National Fundamental Surveying and Mapping Infrastructure Project. The objective of the project is to establish the industrial infrastructure for geographic information acquiring, processing, storage, management, distribution and applications. The project is posed of four parts: the remote sensing data processing system, the fundamental geographic information management and service 8 system, the fundamental geographic information production system, and the fundamental geographic information data munication work system. V. MAP PUBLICATION During the reported period, the categories and quantities of maps have greatly increased and these maps have been used in more and more fields. Now in China, there are 9 specific cartographic publishing houses, and over 100 publishing houses which publish maprelated products and are distributed all over China. The China Cartographic Publishing House is the largest map publishing house in China. With the development of puter technology, mapmaking methods have pletely changed. Computeraided cartography, laser photographic technology and office working have been used in map pilation