【正文】 制造一種新藥，我談論的是另外一種創(chuàng)新，是創(chuàng) 造你自己的生活（inventing your own life）。但當我問她“創(chuàng)新”意味著什么時，她能夠 想到的唯一例子不過是“世界大公司五百強的首席執(zhí)行官”（“being CEO of a Fortune 500”）。當我指出這一點時，她十分震驚。自我效能或更熟悉的說法“自我尊重”（selfesteem）。不過，還有另外一種情況，或許中年危機并不會發(fā)生在你身上。但不管是什么，要么因為你隨大流，要么因為你早就選定了道路，20年后某天醒來，你或許會納悶到底發(fā)生了什么：你怎么變成現(xiàn)在這個樣子，這一切意味著什么。也許你確實想當心臟病學家?！斑M入”就是能力的證明，“進入”就是勝利。你選擇心臟病學是因為當心臟病醫(yī)生的待遇很好?；蛘?，這些根本就不是自己做出的選擇?；蛟S你從來沒有想過當心臟病醫(yī)生，只是碰巧發(fā)生了而已。（That39。只不過，在你越來越深入地進入這個軌道后，再記得你最初的樣子（remember who you once were）就益發(fā)困難了?？偠灾M入越來越狹窄的專業(yè)化軌道。專 業(yè)化（specialization）的問題是它讓你成為專家（specialist），切斷你與世界上其他任何東西的聯(lián)系，不僅如此，還切斷你與自身其 他潛能的聯(lián)系（It cuts you off, not only from everything else in the world, but also from everything else in yourself.）。我并不是說因為選擇鉆研數(shù)學，你在充分發(fā)展話語表達能力的潛力方面就失敗了；也不是說除了集中精力學習地質(zhì)學之外，你還應該研究政治學；也不 是說你在學習鋼琴時還應該學吹笛子。你學習刻苦、精力集中、全力以赴。你的父母在你很小的時候就鼓勵你追求卓越（excel）。（We are more than our jobs, and education is more than a major.）教育也不僅僅是上大學，甚至也不僅是從幼兒園到研究生院的正規(guī)學校教育。第一篇：William 我的題目提出的問題，當然，是一個傳統(tǒng)地面向人文科學的專業(yè)所提出的問題：學習文學、藝術或哲學能有什么實效價值（practical value）？你肯定納悶，我為什么在以科技堡壘而聞名的斯坦福提出這個問題呢？大學學位給人帶來眾多機會，這還有什么需要質(zhì)疑的嗎？但 那不是我提出的問題。我說的“你要做什么”的意思是你要過什么樣的生活（what kind of life are you going to lead?）？我所說的“那”指的是你得到的正規(guī)或非正規(guī)的任何訓練，那些把你送到這里來的東西，你在學校的剩余時間里將要做的任何事。他們送你到好學校，老師的鼓勵和同 伴的榜樣激勵你更努力地學習。所以，你在數(shù)學、鋼琴、曲棍球等眾多方面都很出色。畢竟，專業(yè)化的本質(zhì)就是要專業(yè)性。當然，作為大一新生，你的專業(yè)才剛剛開始。你可能從政治學專業(yè)的學生變成了律師或者公司代理人，再變成專門研究消費品領域的稅收問題的公司代理人。你 開始懷念那個曾經(jīng)談鋼琴和打曲棍球的人，思考那個曾經(jīng)和朋友熱烈討論人生和政治以及在課堂內(nèi)容的人在做什么。s why older people are so boring.）“哎，我爸爸曾經(jīng)是非常聰明的人，但他現(xiàn)在除了談論錢和肝臟外再無其他。隨大流最容易，這就是體制的力量。你 來到斯坦福這樣的名牌大學是因為聰明的孩子都這樣（because that39。你做那些事能給你帶來好處，讓你的父母感到驕傲，令 你的老師感到高興，也讓朋友們羨慕。先進入斯坦福，然后是約翰霍普金斯醫(yī)學院，再進入舊金山大學做實習醫(yī)生等。十歲時就夢想成為醫(yī)生，即使你根本不知道醫(yī)生意味著什么。不 是它是什么，不在于它是否“大畫面”（big picture）而是它對你意味著什么。讓 我通過告訴你們一個同伴的故事來解釋我的意思吧，即她沒有遭遇的情況。她說在考試中得了優(yōu)秀的有些學生會說“我得優(yōu)秀是因為試題很簡單。我指出，真 正的自尊意味著最初根本就不在乎成績是否優(yōu)秀。我告訴她這不是創(chuàng)新，這只是成功（that39。不是走現(xiàn)成的道路而是創(chuàng)造一條屬于自己的道路。它意味著不隨波 逐流（going with the flow），不是下一步要“進入”什么名牌大學或研究生院。當今走進星巴克咖啡館，服務員可能讓你在牛奶咖啡（latte）、加糖咖啡（macchiato）、特制咖 啡（espresso）等幾樣東西之間做出選擇。幾年前我寫過一篇涉及同類問題的文章。“為美國而教”當然是好東 西，但引用這個項目來反駁我的觀點恰恰是不得要領，實際上正好證明了我想說的東西。sum233。該項目需要能力和勤奮，但不需要一丁點兒的道德想象力。不管別人說什么，有按自己的價值觀行動的勇氣，不會因為別人不喜歡而試圖改變自己的想法?？梢坏┯腥嗽姜z，其他人都會跟著跑出去?！保ā癢hen the soul of a man is born in this country there are nets flung at it to hold it back from talk to me of nationality, language, shall try to fly by those nets.”）今天，我們面臨的是其他的網(wǎng)。許多學生在畢業(yè)前夕的未來探索中跟我說，他們感受到來自同伴那里的壓力（the pressure they felt from their peers），需要為創(chuàng)造性的生活或思想生活辯護（to justify a creative or intellectual life）。re crazy: crazy to forsake the sure thing, crazy to think it could work, crazy to imagine that you even have a right to ：“羊霸王”比更外界的壓力更厲害。如果你自我教育的話，更糟糕。那樣的話，就一點兒也不自私了。s not selfish at all.）你看到這些觀點是多么荒謬了嗎？這就是罩在你們身上的網(wǎng)，就是我說的需要勇氣的意思。讓 我說得更明白一些。我請求你們做的，是根據(jù)正確的理由做出你的選擇。t play it safe.）去拒否（RESIST）我們社會給予了過高獎賞的那些卑怯的價值觀的誘惑：舒服、方便、安全、可預測的、可控制的?？赡鞘悄愕腻e誤，不是別人的。你們更愿意規(guī)避混亂、動蕩和強烈的感情（avoid messy and turbulent and powerful feelings），但我想說，不要回避挑戰(zhàn)自我（the challenging parts of yourself），不要否認欲望和好奇心（the desires and curiosities）、懷疑和不滿（the doubts and dissatisfactions）、快樂和陰郁（the joy and the darkness），它們可能改變你預設的人生軌跡。這意味著，你自身的深廣也將遠超你現(xiàn)在的想象。s been see, Kirby39。s like, “39。d rather be, because I39。m getting ready to go to Stanford.” I just love saying “Stanford.” Because the truth is, I know I would have never gotten my degree at all, 39。cause, you know, I39。clock , my dad was like, “Well, that news is over at 10: home by 11.” But that didn39。s my middle name—“I don39。d say, “Well, I still don39。m a talk show host.” He39。d made a movie, had been nominated for an Oscar and founded my pany, I told them, I cannot e and give a speech unless I can earn one more credit, because my dad39。s only just world has so many lessons to teach consider the world, this Earth, to be like a school and our life the sometimes here in this Planet Earth school the lessons often e dressed up as detours or sometimes as fullblown the secret I39。s really why we39。ve just bee more of yourself.” And that is really what we39。ve learned in my journey so aren39。s 10 lessons later? And, you39。clock news coanchor job at 22 was such a big felt like the biggest deal in the world at the I was so proud, because I was finally going to have my chance to be like Barbara Walters, which is who I had been trying to emulate since the start of my TV , I was 22 years old, making $22,000 a it39。re making $22,000 and you39。t , here I am, 22, making $22,000 a year and, yet, it didn39。ve e up with a name we think that people will remember and people will 39。d grown up not really loving my name, because when you39。m not going to change my if people remember it or not, that39。t like the way you look.” Which, in case some of you in the back, if you can39。d cover a fire and then I39。t read my copy, because something inside me said, this should be , I wanted to get the news as I was giving it to the , sometimes, I wouldn39。t know and I39。d go home at night and fill up my journals, 39。d eat my 39。s where everything that followed for me I got that you39。s how do you know when you39。ve ever made—has e from my every wrong decision I39。s the that lesson alone will save you, my friends, a lot of doubt means don39。t know what to do, get still, get very still, until you do know what to when you do get still and let your internal motivation be the driver, not only will your personal life improve, but you will gain a petitive edge in the working world as , as Daniel Pink writes in his bestseller, A Whole New Mind, we39。re doing what we love, when we39。s not about money, 39。re really , lesson one, follow your it feels right, move it doesn39。s just life39。ve found is that difficulties e when you don39。s written this wonderful book called A New Earth that39。t mean giving up。that39。s matters most is the sense of integrity, of quality and got that what I know is that the girls came away with something, have emerged from this more resilient and knowing that their voices have their resilience and spirit have given me more than I could ever give to them, which leads me to my final lesson—the one about finding happiness—which we could talk about all day, but I know you have other wacky things to a small topic thi