【正文】 制造一種新藥，我談?wù)摰氖橇硗庖环N創(chuàng)新，是創(chuàng) 造你自己的生活（inventing your own life）。但當(dāng)我問(wèn)她“創(chuàng)新”意味著什么時(shí)，她能夠 想到的唯一例子不過(guò)是“世界大公司五百?gòu)?qiáng)的首席執(zhí)行官”（“being CEO of a Fortune 500”）。當(dāng)我指出這一點(diǎn)時(shí)，她十分震驚。自我效能或更熟悉的說(shuō)法“自我尊重”（selfesteem）。不過(guò)，還有另外一種情況，或許中年危機(jī)并不會(huì)發(fā)生在你身上。但不管是什么，要么因?yàn)槟汶S大流，要么因?yàn)槟阍缇瓦x定了道路，20年后某天醒來(lái)，你或許會(huì)納悶到底發(fā)生了什么：你怎么變成現(xiàn)在這個(gè)樣子，這一切意味著什么。也許你確實(shí)想當(dāng)心臟病學(xué)家?！斑M(jìn)入”就是能力的證明，“進(jìn)入”就是勝利。你選擇心臟病學(xué)是因?yàn)楫?dāng)心臟病醫(yī)生的待遇很好。或者，這些根本就不是自己做出的選擇?；蛟S你從來(lái)沒(méi)有想過(guò)當(dāng)心臟病醫(yī)生，只是碰巧發(fā)生了而已。（That39。只不過(guò)，在你越來(lái)越深入地進(jìn)入這個(gè)軌道后，再記得你最初的樣子（remember who you once were）就益發(fā)困難了?？偠灾?，進(jìn)入越來(lái)越狹窄的專業(yè)化軌道。專 業(yè)化（specialization）的問(wèn)題是它讓你成為專家（specialist），切斷你與世界上其他任何東西的聯(lián)系，不僅如此，還切斷你與自身其 他潛能的聯(lián)系（It cuts you off, not only from everything else in the world, but also from everything else in yourself.）。我并不是說(shuō)因?yàn)檫x擇鉆研數(shù)學(xué)，你在充分發(fā)展話語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力的潛力方面就失敗了；也不是說(shuō)除了集中精力學(xué)習(xí)地質(zhì)學(xué)之外，你還應(yīng)該研究政治學(xué)；也不 是說(shuō)你在學(xué)習(xí)鋼琴時(shí)還應(yīng)該學(xué)吹笛子。你學(xué)習(xí)刻苦、精力集中、全力以赴。你的父母在你很小的時(shí)候就鼓勵(lì)你追求卓越（excel）。（We are more than our jobs, and education is more than a major.）教育也不僅僅是上大學(xué)，甚至也不僅是從幼兒園到研究生院的正規(guī)學(xué)校教育。第一篇：William 我的題目提出的問(wèn)題，當(dāng)然，是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)地面向人文科學(xué)的專業(yè)所提出的問(wèn)題：學(xué)習(xí)文學(xué)、藝術(shù)或哲學(xué)能有什么實(shí)效價(jià)值（practical value）？你肯定納悶，我為什么在以科技堡壘而聞名的斯坦福提出這個(gè)問(wèn)題呢？大學(xué)學(xué)位給人帶來(lái)眾多機(jī)會(huì)，這還有什么需要質(zhì)疑的嗎？但 那不是我提出的問(wèn)題。我說(shuō)的“你要做什么”的意思是你要過(guò)什么樣的生活（what kind of life are you going to lead?）？我所說(shuō)的“那”指的是你得到的正規(guī)或非正規(guī)的任何訓(xùn)練，那些把你送到這里來(lái)的東西，你在學(xué)校的剩余時(shí)間里將要做的任何事。他們送你到好學(xué)校，老師的鼓勵(lì)和同 伴的榜樣激勵(lì)你更努力地學(xué)習(xí)。所以，你在數(shù)學(xué)、鋼琴、曲棍球等眾多方面都很出色。畢竟，專業(yè)化的本質(zhì)就是要專業(yè)性。當(dāng)然，作為大一新生，你的專業(yè)才剛剛開始。你可能從政治學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生變成了律師或者公司代理人，再變成專門研究消費(fèi)品領(lǐng)域的稅收問(wèn)題的公司代理人。你 開始懷念那個(gè)曾經(jīng)談鋼琴和打曲棍球的人，思考那個(gè)曾經(jīng)和朋友熱烈討論人生和政治以及在課堂內(nèi)容的人在做什么。s why older people are so boring.）“哎，我爸爸曾經(jīng)是非常聰明的人，但他現(xiàn)在除了談?wù)撳X和肝臟外再無(wú)其他。隨大流最容易，這就是體制的力量。你 來(lái)到斯坦福這樣的名牌大學(xué)是因?yàn)槁斆鞯暮⒆佣歼@樣（because that39。你做那些事能給你帶來(lái)好處，讓你的父母感到驕傲，令 你的老師感到高興，也讓朋友們羨慕。先進(jìn)入斯坦福，然后是約翰霍普金斯醫(yī)學(xué)院，再進(jìn)入舊金山大學(xué)做實(shí)習(xí)醫(yī)生等。十歲時(shí)就夢(mèng)想成為醫(yī)生，即使你根本不知道醫(yī)生意味著什么。不 是它是什么，不在于它是否“大畫面”（big picture）而是它對(duì)你意味著什么。讓 我通過(guò)告訴你們一個(gè)同伴的故事來(lái)解釋我的意思吧，即她沒(méi)有遭遇的情況。她說(shuō)在考試中得了優(yōu)秀的有些學(xué)生會(huì)說(shuō)“我得優(yōu)秀是因?yàn)樵囶}很簡(jiǎn)單。我指出，真 正的自尊意味著最初根本就不在乎成績(jī)是否優(yōu)秀。我告訴她這不是創(chuàng)新，這只是成功（that39。不是走現(xiàn)成的道路而是創(chuàng)造一條屬于自己的道路。它意味著不隨波 逐流（going with the flow），不是下一步要“進(jìn)入”什么名牌大學(xué)或研究生院。當(dāng)今走進(jìn)星巴克咖啡館，服務(wù)員可能讓你在牛奶咖啡（latte）、加糖咖啡（macchiato）、特制咖 啡（espresso）等幾樣?xùn)|西之間做出選擇。幾年前我寫過(guò)一篇涉及同類問(wèn)題的文章。“為美國(guó)而教”當(dāng)然是好東 西，但引用這個(gè)項(xiàng)目來(lái)反駁我的觀點(diǎn)恰恰是不得要領(lǐng)，實(shí)際上正好證明了我想說(shuō)的東西。sum233。該項(xiàng)目需要能力和勤奮，但不需要一丁點(diǎn)兒的道德想象力。不管別人說(shuō)什么，有按自己的價(jià)值觀行動(dòng)的勇氣，不會(huì)因?yàn)閯e人不喜歡而試圖改變自己的想法?？梢坏┯腥嗽姜z，其他人都會(huì)跟著跑出去?！保ā癢hen the soul of a man is born in this country there are nets flung at it to hold it back from talk to me of nationality, language, shall try to fly by those nets.”）今天，我們面臨的是其他的網(wǎng)。許多學(xué)生在畢業(yè)前夕的未來(lái)探索中跟我說(shuō)，他們感受到來(lái)自同伴那里的壓力（the pressure they felt from their peers），需要為創(chuàng)造性的生活或思想生活辯護(hù)（to justify a creative or intellectual life）。re crazy: crazy to forsake the sure thing, crazy to think it could work, crazy to imagine that you even have a right to ：“羊霸王”比更外界的壓力更厲害。如果你自我教育的話，更糟糕。那樣的話，就一點(diǎn)兒也不自私了。s not selfish at all.）你看到這些觀點(diǎn)是多么荒謬了嗎？這就是罩在你們身上的網(wǎng)，就是我說(shuō)的需要勇氣的意思。讓 我說(shuō)得更明白一些。我請(qǐng)求你們做的，是根據(jù)正確的理由做出你的選擇。t play it safe.）去拒否（RESIST）我們社會(huì)給予了過(guò)高獎(jiǎng)賞的那些卑怯的價(jià)值觀的誘惑：舒服、方便、安全、可預(yù)測(cè)的、可控制的?？赡鞘悄愕腻e(cuò)誤，不是別人的。你們更愿意規(guī)避混亂、動(dòng)蕩和強(qiáng)烈的感情（avoid messy and turbulent and powerful feelings），但我想說(shuō)，不要回避挑戰(zhàn)自我（the challenging parts of yourself），不要否認(rèn)欲望和好奇心（the desires and curiosities）、懷疑和不滿（the doubts and dissatisfactions）、快樂(lè)和陰郁（the joy and the darkness），它們可能改變你預(yù)設(shè)的人生軌跡。這意味著，你自身的深廣也將遠(yuǎn)超你現(xiàn)在的想象。s been see, Kirby39。s like, “39。d rather be, because I39。m getting ready to go to Stanford.” I just love saying “Stanford.” Because the truth is, I know I would have never gotten my degree at all, 39。cause, you know, I39。clock , my dad was like, “Well, that news is over at 10: home by 11.” But that didn39。s my middle name—“I don39。d say, “Well, I still don39。m a talk show host.” He39。d made a movie, had been nominated for an Oscar and founded my pany, I told them, I cannot e and give a speech unless I can earn one more credit, because my dad39。s only just world has so many lessons to teach consider the world, this Earth, to be like a school and our life the sometimes here in this Planet Earth school the lessons often e dressed up as detours or sometimes as fullblown the secret I39。s really why we39。ve just bee more of yourself.” And that is really what we39。ve learned in my journey so aren39。s 10 lessons later? And, you39。clock news coanchor job at 22 was such a big felt like the biggest deal in the world at the I was so proud, because I was finally going to have my chance to be like Barbara Walters, which is who I had been trying to emulate since the start of my TV , I was 22 years old, making $22,000 a it39。re making $22,000 and you39。t , here I am, 22, making $22,000 a year and, yet, it didn39。ve e up with a name we think that people will remember and people will 39。d grown up not really loving my name, because when you39。m not going to change my if people remember it or not, that39。t like the way you look.” Which, in case some of you in the back, if you can39。d cover a fire and then I39。t read my copy, because something inside me said, this should be , I wanted to get the news as I was giving it to the , sometimes, I wouldn39。t know and I39。d go home at night and fill up my journals, 39。d eat my 39。s where everything that followed for me I got that you39。s how do you know when you39。ve ever made—has e from my every wrong decision I39。s the that lesson alone will save you, my friends, a lot of doubt means don39。t know what to do, get still, get very still, until you do know what to when you do get still and let your internal motivation be the driver, not only will your personal life improve, but you will gain a petitive edge in the working world as , as Daniel Pink writes in his bestseller, A Whole New Mind, we39。re doing what we love, when we39。s not about money, 39。re really , lesson one, follow your it feels right, move it doesn39。s just life39。ve found is that difficulties e when you don39。s written this wonderful book called A New Earth that39。t mean giving up。that39。s matters most is the sense of integrity, of quality and got that what I know is that the girls came away with something, have emerged from this more resilient and knowing that their voices have their resilience and spirit have given me more than I could ever give to them, which leads me to my final lesson—the one about finding happiness—which we could talk about all day, but I know you have other wacky things to a small topic thi