【正文】
負(fù)商譽(yù) On the Relevant problems of Accounting for Goodwill 【 Abstract】 The question of Goodwill accountant always is accountant one of theorists difficult problems, but in society39。本文首先闡述了商譽(yù)的產(chǎn)生、含義以及特點(diǎn),從此方面對(duì)商譽(yù)進(jìn)行分析。其次,分析了商譽(yù)的確認(rèn)與計(jì)量的問題,因?yàn)樵谶@個(gè)問題上自創(chuàng)商譽(yù)和外購(gòu)商譽(yù)存在著不同的處理方法,所以在此從自創(chuàng)商譽(yù)與外購(gòu)商譽(yù)兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行說明。s status it is more and more important actually. This article first elaborated the goodwill production, the meaning as well as the characteristic, and I analysis the goodwill in this aspects. Next, has analyzed the question of the goodwill’s confirmation and the measurement, because the internally developed goodwill and purchased goodwill have the different processing method in these questions, therefore explained with two aspects what are purchased goodwill and internally developed goodwill. Meets domestic and foreign down to the different understanding carries on the contrast in the goodwill amortization question, and then proposes some ideas and the suggestion according to the present domestic form on this question. The problem finally, which the negative goodwill question also is which in these years goodwill accountant has a parison solves with difficulty, specially in whether carries on the confirmation to it in the question, still has some differences, but we still must have some methods to carry on processing to it, therefore put forward several proposals to it. [Key words] Goodwill Developed goodwill Purchased goodwill Amortization of goodwill Negative Goodwill 目 錄 引言 ................................................................................................................................................. 1 1 商譽(yù)的含義及其特 點(diǎn) ............................................................................................................... 1 商譽(yù)的產(chǎn)生及其含義 ..................................................................................................... 1 商譽(yù)是一項(xiàng)資產(chǎn) .................................................................................................. 1 商譽(yù)是無法具體辨認(rèn)的資產(chǎn) .............................................................................. 1 商譽(yù)是能夠使企業(yè)獲得超額利潤(rùn)的一種資產(chǎn) .................................................. 1 商譽(yù)的特點(diǎn) ..................................................................................................................... 2 商 譽(yù)是由企業(yè)或個(gè)人所創(chuàng)造的 .......................................................................... 2 商譽(yù)總是與特定主體相聯(lián)系 .............................................................................. 2 商譽(yù)具有可轉(zhuǎn)讓性 .............................................................................................. 2 商譽(yù)可以用貨幣計(jì)量 .......................................................................................... 2 商譽(yù)沒有法定有效期 .......................................................................................... 3 2 商譽(yù)的確認(rèn)與計(jì)量 ................................................................................................................... 3 商譽(yù)的確認(rèn) ..................................................................................................................... 3 自創(chuàng)商譽(yù)的確認(rèn) ................................................................................................. 3 外購(gòu)商譽(yù)的確認(rèn) ................................................................................................. 3 對(duì)商譽(yù)確認(rèn)的看法 ............................................................................................. 4 商譽(yù)的計(jì)量 ..................................................................................................................... 5 自創(chuàng)商譽(yù)的計(jì)量 ................................................................................................. 5 外購(gòu)商譽(yù)的計(jì)量 ................................................................................................. 6 3 商譽(yù) 核算的相關(guān) 問題及建議 ................................................................................................... 8 商譽(yù)攤銷的問題及建議 .................................................................................................. 8 商譽(yù)攤銷的問題 .................................................................................................. 8 對(duì)商譽(yù)攤銷的問題的建議 .................................................................................. 8 對(duì)負(fù)商譽(yù)問題的認(rèn)識(shí) ...................................................................................................... 9 負(fù)商譽(yù)的問題 ...................................................................................................... 9 對(duì)負(fù)商譽(yù)在會(huì)計(jì)處理上的建議 ........................................................................ 10 結(jié)束語 ........................................................................................................................................... 10 參考文獻(xiàn) ....................................................................................................................................... 11 后記 ................................................................................................................ 錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書簽。我們應(yīng)該通過實(shí)踐和理論研究使商譽(yù)的問題能夠得到更加合理的處理。 ” 19 世紀(jì)末 (1888 年 ),英國(guó)一篇會(huì)計(jì)學(xué) 術(shù)論文將商譽(yù)定義為 “…… 一個(gè)企業(yè)由于其顧客所持的好感并可能繼續(xù)光顧和支持而得到的利益和好處 ”。所以,商譽(yù)的定義必須首先符合資產(chǎn)的定義。因?yàn)闃?gòu)成商譽(yù)的因素是我們看不見摸不著的,如良好的職工素質(zhì)、良好的企業(yè)形象、融洽的社會(huì)公共關(guān)系、優(yōu)越的地理位置、卓越的管理隊(duì)伍、龐大的銷售網(wǎng)絡(luò)等,所以商譽(yù)是無形的,是一項(xiàng)企業(yè)長(zhǎng)期擁有的非貨幣性資產(chǎn)、無法辨認(rèn)具體形態(tài),持有的目的是為了在正常經(jīng)營(yíng)過程中使用帶來未來的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。商譽(yù)從以下幾種方式為企業(yè)帶來超額利潤(rùn)的:第一,企業(yè)在創(chuàng)新活 動(dòng) 中擁有了不少生產(chǎn)某種產(chǎn)品的訣竅,掌握了生產(chǎn)某種產(chǎn)品的先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)或研制出了某種新產(chǎn)品的配方,從而使企業(yè)提高生產(chǎn)效率,具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),獲得超額利潤(rùn);第二,企業(yè)在創(chuàng)新活動(dòng)中重新創(chuàng)建出一種新的高效的 2 生產(chǎn)組織結(jié)構(gòu),能夠充分發(fā)揮職工和各級(jí)管理人員的積極性和主觀能動(dòng)性,從而使企業(yè)提高生產(chǎn)效率,獲得超額利潤(rùn);第三,企業(yè)在長(zhǎng)期的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)過程中與各方面建立了良好關(guān)系,或占據(jù)有利的地理位置,從而使企業(yè)獲得某種獨(dú)家占有權(quán), 得到超額利潤(rùn)。并且,當(dāng)初企業(yè)或個(gè)人創(chuàng)造這些商譽(yù)時(shí)都需花費(fèi)一定的成本 ,是絕不可能從天上掉下來的 。無論自創(chuàng)商譽(yù),還是外購(gòu)商譽(yù),總是與特定的主體如企業(yè)、業(yè)主相聯(lián)系。這也是商譽(yù)與其他無形資產(chǎn)的最大區(qū)別 。 但從 表面上看,企業(yè)與顧客之間的友好關(guān)系 等是看不見摸不著的, 非常抽象 , 究竟價(jià)值 是多少是很難衡量的 , 但實(shí)際上卻 可以通過那些與企業(yè)關(guān)系友 好的顧客對(duì)企業(yè)交易數(shù)量的影響,或推銷技巧、精湛的工藝訣竅、優(yōu)越地理位置對(duì)企業(yè)交易數(shù)量的影響,或企業(yè)工人之好感對(duì)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率的影響來 把 這部分商譽(yù)的價(jià)值 給大致上估計(jì)出來 。 商譽(yù)沒有法定有效 期 3 其他產(chǎn)權(quán)性無形資產(chǎn)都有法定的有效期,而商譽(yù)則不同,他沒有法定的有效期。然而他的形成具有相當(dāng)大的不確定性,因?yàn)橹С鲆豁?xiàng)費(fèi)用的時(shí)候有可能使企業(yè)形成商譽(yù),但是也有可