【正文】 v7 ? 19 WHY STATISTICS? THE ROLE OF STATISTICS IN SIX SIGMA.. ? WE DON’T KNOW WHAT WE DON’T KNOW ? IF WE DON’T HAVE DATA, WE DON’T KNOW ? IF WE DON’T KNOW, WE CAN NOT ACT ? IF WE CAN NOT ACT, THE RISK IS HIGH ? IF WE DO KNOW AND ACT, THE RISK IS MANAGED ? IF WE DO KNOW AND DO NOT ACT, WE DESERVE THE LOSS. DR. Mikel J. Harry ? TO GET DATA WE MUST MEASURE ? DATA MUST BE CONVERTED TO INFORMATION ? INFORMATION IS DERIVED FROM DATA THROUGH STATISTICS USLT?LSL169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 15 INSPECTION EXERCISE The necessity of* training f*arm hands f*or f*irst class f*arms in the f*atherly handling of* f*arm livestock is f*oremost in the minds of* f*arm owners. Since the f*oref*athers of* the f*arm owners trained the f*arm hands f*or f*irst class f*arms in the f*atherly handling of* f*arm livestock, the f*arm owners f*eel they should carry on with the f*amily tradition of* training f*arm hands of* f*irst class f*arms in the f*atherly handling of* f*arm livestock because they believe it is the basis of* good f*undamental f*arm management. How many f’s can you identify in 1 minute of inspection….36 total are available. 169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 11 UNLOCKING THE HIDDEN FACTORY VALUE STREAM TO THE CUSTOMER PROCESSES WHICH PROVIDE PRODUCT VALUE IN THE CUSTOMER?S EYES ?FEATURES OR CHARACTERISTICS THE CUSTOMER WOULD PAY FOR…. WASTE DUE TO INCAPABLE PROCESSES WASTE SCATTERED THROUGHOUT THE VALUE STREAM ? EXCESS INVENTORY ? REWORK ? WAIT TIME ? EXCESS HANDLING ? EXCESS TRAVEL DISTANCES ? TEST AND INSPECTION Waste is a significant cost driver and has a major impact on the bottom line... 169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 7 INTRODUCTION TO SIX SIGMA APPLICATIONS 169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 3 Day 2 Agenda ? Team Report Outs on Day 1 Material ? Central Limit Theorem ? Process Capability ? MultiVari Analysis ? Sample Size Considerations 169。169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 4 Day 3 Agenda ? Team Report Outs on Day 2 Material ? Confidence Intervals ? Control Charts ? Hypothesis Testing ? ANOVA (Analysis of Variation) ? Contingency Tables 169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 8 Learning Objectives ? Have a broad understanding of statistical concepts and tools. ? Understand how statistical concepts can be used to improve business processes. ? Understand the relationship between the curriculum and the four step six sigma problem solving process (Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control). 169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 12 Common Six Sigma Project Areas ? Manufacturing Defect Reduction ? Cycle Time Reduction ? Cost Reduction ? Inventory Reduction ? Product Development and Introduction ? Labor Reduction ? Increased Utilization of Resources ? Product Sales Improvement ? Capacity Improvements ? Delivery Improvements 169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 16 SIX SIGMA COMPARISON Focus on Pr e v e ntio n Focus on Fi re figh tingLow cos t/hi gh through put H ig h c ost/low throu ghp utPok a Yoke Control Str a te gi e s R e li a nce o n Tes t and I nspe c tionSta bl e /Pre di c ta bl e Proc e s s e s Pr oce s s e s b a s e d on R a ndo m Proba bi li tyPr oac tive R e a c tiveLow F a il ure Ra te s H ig h Failure Ra te sFocus on Lon g Ter m Focus on Short Ter mEffic ient Was te fulMa nage b y Metr ics and Analy s is Ma nage b y 揝 e a t of the pants ”Six Sigma Traditional “ SIX SIGMA TAKES US FROM FIXING PRODUCTS SO THEY ARE EXCELLENT, TO FIXING PROCESSES SO THEY PRODUCE EXCELLENT PRODUCTS” Dr. Gee Sarney, President, Siebe Control Systems 169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 20 WHY STATISTICS? THE ROLE OF STATISTICS IN SIX SIGMA.. ? Ignorance is not bliss, it is the food of failure and the breeding ground for loss. DR. Mikel J. Harry ? Years ago a statistician might have claimed that statistics dealt with the processing of data…. ? Today’s statistician will be more likely to say that statistics is concerned with decision making in the face of uncertainty. Bartlett USLT?LSL169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 24 Learning Objectives ? Have an understanding of the difference between random variation and a statistically significant event. ? Understand the difference between attempting to manage an oute (Y) as opposed to managing upstream effects (x’s). ? Understand how the concept of statistical significance can be used to improve business processes. 169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 28 INCENTIVE PROGRAM ? Low bead counts will be rewarded with a bonus. ? High bead counts will be punished with a reprimand. ? Your performance will be based solely on your ability to produce white beads. ? Your defect quota is no more than 7 off color beads allowed per paddle. 169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 32 Learning Objectives ? Have an understanding of the difference between random variation and a statistically significant event. ? Understand the difference between attempting to manage an oute (Y) as opposed to managing upstream effects (x’s). ? Understand how the concept of statistical significance can be used to improve business processes. 169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 36 IM