【正文】
earch for readymade Solutions 尋找現(xiàn)成 的解決方案 Decide on solution Evaluation 決定對(duì)解決方案 進(jìn)行評(píng)估 State the Problem 陳述問(wèn)題 Generate solutions 提出解決辦法 Select Solution(s) 選擇解決方案 契機(jī):遇到問(wèn)題 The stimulus – a problem Implementation 執(zhí)行 技巧的種類 Types of Technique There are about 150 described in the literature, they are roughly divided by function as follows: 文獻(xiàn)記載的技巧有大約 150種,按功能可分為如下幾類: But you’d be surprised how similar they are in their dependence on the metaphor 而這些技巧都有一個(gè)共性,即對(duì)潛臺(tái)詞的強(qiáng)烈依賴,這可能會(huì)使你感到驚訝。 This is carried out for the benefit of the internal and external customer. 進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)工作,是為了服務(wù)內(nèi)、外部客戶的利益。 推動(dòng)抽象化過(guò)程的完成 Facilitating abstraction Dependent on the characteristics of your people, those of anisations with which you may collaborate or cooperate and the consequences of knowledge misunderstanding, define the degree of codification appropriate to you. 根據(jù)你手下人以及合作組織員工的個(gè)性,還有對(duì)認(rèn)識(shí)產(chǎn)生誤解的后果,對(duì)其進(jìn)行分級(jí),使之適合于你。 隱性與顯性的平衡( 2) The tacit / explicit balance (2) Unfocused strategy 發(fā)散型戰(zhàn)略 Focused strategy 集中型戰(zhàn)略 Strategy of codification 編碼化戰(zhàn)略 Strategy of staying tacit 保持默許的戰(zhàn)略 Make sure you codify more material than before – it’s not too important how you do it. 你只需要確定比以前做了更多的資料編碼工作就可以了,具體怎么做并不重要。注意 “車輪條幅”的情況 。 . This is carried out for the benefit of the munity at large as well as the internal and external customers. 進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)工作是為了保證內(nèi)外部客戶最大的一致性利益。 IT技術(shù)的確減少了地理因素帶來(lái)的不便。 促進(jìn)傳播工作 Facilitating dissemination BUT – tacit knowledge exchange requires other methods such as: Wagon Wheel Bar, other tacit exchange processes, chat rooms, caf233。顯性吸收的進(jìn)行首先要承認(rèn)對(duì)知識(shí)的需求,并在需要時(shí)推出更多出版物。 The following sequence is popular but probably misguided: Data – Information – Knowledge – Wisdom. In any case, degradative pathways are most mon: 數(shù)據(jù) ——信息 ——知識(shí) ——智慧,大家可能都很熟悉這個(gè)順序,但也恰恰是這個(gè)順序能產(chǎn)生誤導(dǎo)。 Although cycles can be restarted at any time (or at any point dependent on the relationship of the individual to the originator), pletion of the cycle represents the high value oute. 雖然學(xué)習(xí)循環(huán)可以在任何時(shí)候重新開始(或者在任一點(diǎn),這取決于個(gè)人與原作者的關(guān)系),但如果能夠完成整個(gè)循環(huán),將為我們很大的收益。 什么是影響? What was the impact ? Most CFOs and CEOs want to know whether their investment was, or is, or will be worthwhile. 多數(shù)財(cái)務(wù)總監(jiān)和首席執(zhí)行官都想知道他們過(guò)去或現(xiàn)在的投資是否值得。注意,千萬(wàn)不要低估這一步驟的龐雜性 9. Improve and develop. 改善與開發(fā) 10. Keep an eye on strategic alignment and measure how you are getting on. 時(shí)刻關(guān)注戰(zhàn)略結(jié)盟的問(wèn)題,并對(duì)自身的實(shí)時(shí)情況予以評(píng)估 知識(shí)管理是交互式合作營(yíng)銷的分支 KM is a subset of ICM 推動(dòng)知識(shí)資本應(yīng)用的經(jīng)理們感悟的四種需求 The four needs experienced by managers driving the application of IC ? The need to disclose the presence of necessary and sufficient assets to make credible the mencing or continuing creation of value. 需求一:揭示需求的存在,并予以充分的評(píng)估,在確保無(wú)誤的情況下,開始或繼續(xù)創(chuàng)造價(jià)值 ? The need to continuously improve the effectiveness with which these assets are put to valuecreating use. 需求二:不斷提高這些評(píng)估工作的效率,使其能運(yùn)用到創(chuàng)造價(jià)值的過(guò)程中去。ran Roos Roland Burgman) Resources Form 資源一覽表 Asset Recognition 資產(chǎn)認(rèn)證 ? Property 財(cái)產(chǎn) ? Plant 廠房 ? Equipment設(shè)備 ? Inventory庫(kù)存 ─ Finished Goods ─ 制成品 ─ WIP 在制品 ─ Raw Materials ─ 原材料 ? Plant Flexibility設(shè)備適應(yīng)性 ? Plant Modernity 設(shè)備現(xiàn)代化 ? Infrastructure Surrounding Plants周圍基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 ? Stranded Assets?不可售資產(chǎn) ? Tradability of Assets?可售資產(chǎn) ? Access Rights使用權(quán) ? Balance Sheet Strength資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表能力 ? Inventory (Good and Usable, Obsolete, Redundant)存貨(好的和廢的,陳舊的,多余的) ? 信用配給 ? 未提取的設(shè)備 ? 借款能力 (對(duì)以名譽(yù)為立家之本的公司尤為重要 ) ? Borrowing Covenant Slack借貸緩期契約 ? 應(yīng)收帳款的確定性 ? 利潤(rùn)可兌現(xiàn)性 ? Cash 現(xiàn)金 ? Investments ? 投資 ? 應(yīng)收帳款 / 債務(wù)人 ? 應(yīng)付帳款 /債權(quán)人 ? Plant Flexibility ? Plant Modernity ? Infrastructure Surrounding Plants ? Stranded Assets? ? Tradability of Assets? ? Access Rights ? Balance Sheet Strength ? Inventory (Good and Usable, Obsolete, Redundant) ? 客戶忠實(shí)度 ? 行為方面 ? 態(tài)度方面 ? 供貨合同的質(zhì)量 ? 投標(biāo)權(quán)、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)權(quán)、設(shè)計(jì)權(quán) ? 持股者支持的力度 包括有影響力的員工 ? 網(wǎng)絡(luò) ? 管理稅 ? 客戶合同 ? 正式的結(jié)盟方、合資人、供貨協(xié)議 ? 結(jié)構(gòu)的合理性 ? 非正式步驟 ? 組織知名度 ? 品牌的含意 (優(yōu)勢(shì)、地位 ) ? 研發(fā)過(guò)程的產(chǎn)出率 ? 企業(yè)管理的質(zhì)量 ? 技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)、宣傳優(yōu)勢(shì) ? 隱性知識(shí) ? 成熟的人力開發(fā)( HC Development)能力 ? 系統(tǒng) ? 正式化的過(guò)程 ? 予以編碼的知識(shí) ? 專利 ? 品牌 ? 刊頭宣傳 ? 高層管理質(zhì)量 ? 高層管理經(jīng)驗(yàn) ? 執(zhí)行戰(zhàn)略的能力 ? 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力 ? 解決問(wèn)題的能力 ? 員工的忠誠(chéng)度 ─行為方面 ─態(tài)度方面 ? 個(gè)人的名譽(yù) ? 勞動(dòng)力的適應(yīng)性 ? 員工的投入程度 ? 管理合同 ? 有檔可查的技能儲(chǔ)備 Moary 貨幣 Physical 實(shí)物 Relational 關(guān)系 Organizational 組織 Human 人力 有形資產(chǎn) (Traditional) Economic (傳統(tǒng)的 ) 經(jīng)濟(jì)資產(chǎn) Intellectual Capital 知識(shí)資本 A methodology should help panies manage and measure all resource types 方法論有助于企業(yè)管理和衡量各種類型的資源 資源分類結(jié)構(gòu)圖 (169。 ? Strategy is a deliberate set of actions taken to create rents 所謂戰(zhàn)略,是為創(chuàng)造租金而特意采取的行動(dòng) ? Rent creation involves obtaining a strategic fit between the anisation and its environment 創(chuàng)造租金的行為包括在組織與其所處環(huán)境之間達(dá)到戰(zhàn)略平衡的舉措 ? The degree of fitness changes over time due to petitive and other (exogenous) influences. 這種平衡會(huì)根據(jù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和其他外部的影響而不斷變化 Rent = return above and beyond the level required by the market for an investment of similar level of risk 租金 = 以較低的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和超出市場(chǎng)要求的比例收回投資 Two types of rents兩種類型的租金 Monopoly rent 壟斷租金 ?Requires parative advantage 需要具有相對(duì)的優(yōu)勢(shì) ? Regulatory protection for the foreseeable future 針對(duì)可預(yù)見的未來(lái)采取調(diào)整性保護(hù)措施 ? Controls all of a limited resource對(duì)有限資源的方方面面予以控制 Scarcity rent 缺貨租金 ? Requires petitive advantage 需要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì) ? Valuable 價(jià)值含量高 ? Durable 耐久 ? Scarce 稀有 ? Nonimitable 無(wú)法模仿 ? Nonsubstitutable無(wú)法替代 Value Chain 價(jià)值鏈 Inbound logistics 原料物流管理 Service 服務(wù) Marketing Sales 營(yíng)銷與銷售 Outbound logistics 成品物流管理 Operations 生產(chǎn) Infrastructure 基層組織 Human Res