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知識管理和知識資本講義(已修改)

2025-03-12 17:18 本頁面
 

【正文】 Knowledge Management Intellectual Capital 知識管理和知識資本 Knowledge Management is the collective name for a group of processes and practices used by panies to increase their value by improving the effectiveness of the generation and application of their intellectual assets. 所謂知識管理,是指企業(yè)為提高自身價值,進而針對其知識財產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)出和利用率所采用的一系列步驟和執(zhí)行方法的總稱。 Knowledge Management processes are metaprocesses which cannot be uniformly observed like physical processes but differ according to their means of creation, nature, recording, transmission and mode of use. 知識管理是一個變化萬端的過程,因而不能像觀察一般物理過程那樣概而論之,要根據(jù)其產(chǎn)生方式、本質(zhì)、記錄、傳播和使用方式予以區(qū)別。 What is Knowledge Management ?何謂知識管理 No two Knowledge Management implementations will be the same since the infinitely variable human being is central to it. 由于知識管理的執(zhí)行者是不同個體的人,所以具體的執(zhí)行方式也會略無所同 何謂知識管理(續(xù)) The majority of Knowledge Management implementations are unsatisfactory as inappropriate, standardised approaches are forced upon the varying predicament of the uninformed by the uninformed. 多數(shù)知識管理執(zhí)行方案之所以不盡如人意,是因為其制定和執(zhí)行者的無知。由于為不同的窘境所迫,他們采取了千人一面這樣欠妥的方式。 Epistemologies – what are they ? 認識論角度的分析? AUTOPOIETICS 自我創(chuàng)生性 清楚 Clear Fairly clear – may be bifurcated 比較清楚(可能分為兩部分) 有所偏愛 Some preferences ―順風(fēng)倒 ‖ “Flexible” 千篇一律 All things to all people 迷茫 Confused 不知所措 Very confused CONNECTIVISTS 連通性 COGNITIVISTS 認知性 Ardent axiologist 狂熱的價 值論者 Ardent logical positivist 狂熱而又不失理 性的實證主義者 Cognitivist Connectivist Autopoietic 認知性 連通性 自我創(chuàng)生性 Epistemology and value theory認識論和價值論 Ardent Axiologist 狂熱的價 值論者 Ardent logical Positivist 狂熱 而又不失理性 的實證主義者 Cognitivist Connectivist Autopoietic 認知性 連通性 自我創(chuàng)生性 Document Management 文本管理 Content Management 內(nèi)容管理 Complex Groupware 合成組件 Simple groupware 單一組件 Capability directories 能力目錄 All / any / none 所有、任何、沒有 什么樣的知識管理工具才適合他們? What KM tools suit them ? Boisot的社會學(xué)習(xí)周期 Boisot’s Social Learning Cycle Scanning 審視 Dissemination 傳播 Absorption 吸收 Problem Solving 解決問題 Look on this as the simple life cycle of knowledge. 請大家看一下這個簡單的知識生命周期。 Technology and new business environments such as the family of ebusinesses present alternative realities for each leg but the basic step is invariant. 電子商務(wù)這類技術(shù)和交易環(huán)境的出現(xiàn),使得圖中每一步的實現(xiàn)方法有了別樣的方式。不過基本步驟還是萬變不離其宗。 Scanning 審視 第一步:審視( 1) Step 1 Scanning (1) A manytofew(one) activity in which all known relevant information is collected. This can be both a tacit and and explicit knowledge activity. 這是一種以多對少(或?qū)σ唬┑幕顒樱藗兺ㄟ^這個過程收集已知的相關(guān)信息。這種知識行為可以是隱性的,也可以是顯性的。 This is carried out for the team by the individual researcher or a small group. 這一步驟由個體的研究者或小組完成,其服務(wù)對象是一個團隊。 Step 1 Scanning (2) 第一步:審視( 2) Helped by 促進因素 Hindered by 阻礙因素 Excellent libraries (electronic or traditional) and excellent access 發(fā)達的圖書館系統(tǒng)(電子或傳統(tǒng)形式的)和便利的瀏覽渠道 Professional technology watchers專業(yè)的技術(shù)監(jiān)督者 Special interest groups 特定的愛好者群 Time and ability to municate具備溝通的時間和能力 Training in the scientific method 科學(xué)的培訓(xùn)方法 Not invented here 相應(yīng)機構(gòu)貧乏 Uncertainty of purpose 目標(biāo)不明 Poor sources 資源短缺 Fear of plagiarism and depredations from those with vested interests 懼怕對既得利益的剽竊和掠奪 No idea how to research 不知如何進行研究 第一步:審視( 2) 續(xù) ? An understanding of purpose No time to research ? 對目標(biāo)的理解 沒有時間進行研究 ? Supportive IT IT which hinders ? 有 IT技術(shù)支持 信息技術(shù)方面有困難 ? Reward for contribution Silos and artificial boundaries ? 勞有所得 自然和人為的界線 ? Willingness to learn both as Utilisation rate mentality ? an individual and as 智力利用率 an anisation ? 無論作為個人還是組織, ? 都十分好學(xué) 你用什么方法更好地審視問題 ? How do you facilitate scanning ? Specialist material to individual / SIG or to the anisation. 專家研究個人(有共同觀點的人群)或組織的素材 Information scientists 信息科學(xué)家 Requests 要求 Results 結(jié)果 Specialist 專家 解決問題 Problem Solving 第二步:解決問題( 1) Step 2 Problem Solving (1) Can be an individual process but the use of teams is most mon in this step. Accumulated information is used in solving previously unaddressed problems and creative problem solving is critical. Communication in and between teams is also critical. 這可以是一個個人化的過程,但團隊的使用在這一過程中卻十分普遍。人們根據(jù)先人積累的信息去解決以前沒有涉及的問題,當(dāng)然,創(chuàng)新性的解決方式也是十分重要的。團隊內(nèi)部與團隊之間的交流、溝通也很重要。 This is carried out for the benefit of the internal and external customer. 進行這項工作,是為了服務(wù)內(nèi)、外部客戶的利益。 第二步:解決問題( 2) Step 2 Problem Solving (2) Helped by 促進因素 Hindered by阻礙因素 Creative problem solving techniques available and used 具備并能運用創(chuàng)造性的技巧解決問題 TRIZ if appropriate 適當(dāng)?shù)膭?chuàng)造性解決問題方法 Incubator IT if appropriate 適當(dāng)?shù)?IT技術(shù)孵化器 Trust and no fear of ridicule 信任,不懼譏諷 Refined understanding of the problem 對問題的精辟認識 Recording results as appropriate 適當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)果記錄 No incentive to share solutions 沒有分享解決方案的動機 Not invented here 相應(yīng)機構(gòu)匱乏 Can’t save unused solutions 無法保存沒有使用過的解決方案 Management intolerant of failure 管理層對失敗的容忍 Too much rigour too early 過嚴、過早 Big picture of the problem is obscured and no contact with customer 對問題的輪廓不明,沒有接觸顧客 第二步:解決問題( 2) 續(xù) ? Teams fully trained, functioning Management unaware of what it and with links to parallel teams
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