【正文】 換能器 Curved surfaces曲表面 Plate waves平波 Pulseecho and through transmission脈沖反射波和穿透傳輸 Comparison of contact and immersion methods接觸法和液浸法的比較2 Calibration (Electronic and Functional)校準(zhǔn)(電子法與操作法） Equipment 超聲檢測設(shè)備 Cathoderay tube (amplitude, sweep, etc.)陰極射線管(波幅，掃描等) Recorders記錄 Alarms報(bào)警 Automatic and semiautomatic systems自動(dòng)化和半自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng) Electronic distance/amplitude correction距離幅值的電子校準(zhǔn) Transducers換能器 Calibration of equipment electronics設(shè)備電子裝置的校準(zhǔn) Variable effects可變效應(yīng) Transmission accuracy傳輸精確性 Calibration requirements校準(zhǔn)要求 Calibration reflectors校準(zhǔn)反射體 Inspection calibration檢測校準(zhǔn) Comparison with reference blocks比照參考試塊 Pulseecho variables脈沖回波變量 Reference for planned tests (straightbeam, anglebeam, etc.)預(yù)定檢測參考（直探法，斜探法等） Transmission factors傳輸問題 Transducer換能器 Couplants耦合劑 Materials材料3 StraightBeam Examination to Specific Procedures按專用工藝以直探法檢測 Selection of parameters參數(shù)選擇 Test standards檢測標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Evaluation of results結(jié)果評定 Test reports檢測報(bào)告4 AngleBeam Examination to Specific Procedures按專用工藝以斜探法檢測 Selection of parameters參數(shù)選擇 Test standards檢測標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Evaluation of results結(jié)果評定 Test reports檢測報(bào)告1* 2*Total hours of instruction for this course (B): 20hr 15hr大綱 B 培訓(xùn)時(shí)間: 20小時(shí) 15小時(shí)Total hours of UT Level Ⅰ: 40hr 30hrUT Ⅰ級 培訓(xùn)總學(xué)時(shí): 40小時(shí) 30小時(shí) Note: 1* High school graduate or equivalent. Tenth Value Layers 半值層；1/10值層 InverseSquare Law 平方反比律6 Biological Effects of Radiation 輻射生物效應(yīng) “Natural” Background Radiation “天然”背景輻射 The Unit of Radiation DoseRem 輻射劑量單位──雷姆 The Difference between Radiation and Contamination 輻射與污染間的差異 Allowable PersonnelExposure Limits and the Accumulated Dose 人體允許的輻射劑量與累積劑量 Theory of Allowable Dose 允許劑量的理論 Radiation DamageRepair Concept 輻射損傷：恢復(fù)原理 Symptoms of Radiation Injury 輻射損傷的癥狀 Acute Radiation Exposure and Somatic Injury 強(qiáng)烈的照射量和身體損傷 Personnel Monitoring for Tracking Exposure人體受輻射的監(jiān)查 Organ Radiosensitivity 器官的放射敏感度7 Radiation Detection 輻射檢測 The Pocket Dosimeter袖珍劑量儀 Difference Between Dose and Dose Rate 劑量和劑量率的差別 Survey Instruments 測量儀器 GeigerMuller tube蓋革米勒管 Ionization chambers 電離室 Scintillation chambers, counters閃爍室,計(jì)數(shù)器 Film Badge 膠片劑量計(jì) TLD (Thermoluminescent Dosimeters)熱致發(fā)光劑量計(jì)（TLD） Calibration 校準(zhǔn)8 Exposure Devices and Radiation Sources曝光裝置和輻射源 Radioisotope Source 放射性同位素源 Sealedsource Design and Fabrication密封源的設(shè)計(jì)和制造 Gammaray sourcesγ射線源 Betaray and Bremsstrahlung sourcesβ射線和韌致輻射源 Netron sources中子源 Radioisotope Exposure Device Characteriatics放射性同位素曝光裝置特性 Electronic Radiation Sources500 keV and less Low Energy 能量≤ 500 keV的電子輻射源 Generatorhighvoltage Rectifiers高壓整流發(fā)生器 Xray tube design and fabricationX射線管的設(shè)計(jì)和制造 Xray control circuitsX射線控制電路 Accelerating potential加速電壓 Target Material and Fabrication靶的材料和結(jié)構(gòu) Heat dissipation device散熱裝置 Duty cycle負(fù)載周期 Beam Filtration射線束的過濾2* 3*Total Hours of Instruction this Course (B) 20hr 15hr大綱 B 培訓(xùn)學(xué)時(shí) 20小時(shí) 15小時(shí)C、Radiographic Technique Course射線照相技術(shù)1 Introduction 引言 The Process of Radiography射線照相過程 Type of Electromagnetic Radiation Sources電磁輻射源的種類 Electromagnetic Spectrum 電磁頻譜 Penetrating Ability or “Quality” of XRays and Gamma Rays X射線、γ射線的穿透或“線質(zhì)” Spectrum of XRay Tube Sources X射線管源的頻譜 Spectrum of GammaRadioisotope Source 放射線γ射線的頻譜 XRay TubeChange of mA or kV, Effect on “Quality” and Intensity X射線管毫安值或千伏值變化對線質(zhì)和強(qiáng)度的影響2 Basic Principles of Radiography 射線照相的基本原理 Geometric Exposure Principles 幾何曝光原理 “Shadow” Formation and Distortion “陰影”成像和畸變 Shadow Enlargement Calculation陰影放大計(jì)算 Shadow sharpness陰影清晰度 Geometric Unsharpness幾何不清晰度 Finding Defect Depth缺陷深度測定 Radiographic Screens 射線照相增感屏 Lead foil Intensifying screens鉛箔增感屏 Fluorescent Intensifying screens熒光增感屏 Intensifying Factors增感系數(shù) Importance of screentoFilm contact屏片緊貼的重要性 Importance of Screen cleanliness and care屏的清潔度和保潔重要性 Techniques for cleaning screens屏的清潔方法 Radiographic Cassettes膠片暗盒 Composition of Industrial Radiographic Film 工業(yè)射線膠片的比較 The “Heel Effect” with XRay TubesX射線管靶傾斜效應(yīng)3 Radiographs 射線照相 Formation of the Latent Image on Film膠片潛像的形成 Inherent Unsharpness 固有不清晰度 Arithmetic of Radiograph Exposure射線曝光量的計(jì)算 Milliamperedistancetime Relationship毫安距離時(shí)間三者關(guān)系 Reciprocity law曝光互易律 Photographic Density底片黑度 XRay Exposure chartsmaterial Thickness, KV and ExposureX射線曝光曲線(材料厚度,千伏值和曝光量) GammaRay Exposure chartγ射線曝光曲線 Inversesquarelaw considerations平方反比律 Calculation of Exposure Time for GammaRay and XRay SourcesX射線源和γ射線源,曝光時(shí)間的計(jì)算 The Characteristic Hurter and Driffield (H and D) Curve 膠片特性曲線( HD曲線 ) Film Speed and Class Descriptions 膠片速度和等級 of Film for Particular Purpose 特殊目用途的膠片選擇4 Radiographic Image Quality 射線照相影像質(zhì)量 Radiographic Sensitivity射線膠片的感光度 Radiographic Contrast 射線照相對比度 Film Contrast 膠片對比度 Subject Contrast 主因?qū)Ρ榷?Definition清晰度 Film Graininess and Screen Mottle Effects膠片顆粒性和屏斑效應(yīng) Penetrometers or Image Quality Indicators 透度計(jì)或像質(zhì)計(jì)5 Film Handling, Loading, and Processing 膠片操作、裝卸及沖洗 Safe Light and Darkroom Practices 安全燈及暗室操作 Loading Bench and Cleanliness 裝片臺和清潔性 Opening of Film Boxes and Packets 膠片暗盒或暗袋的打開 Loading of Film for Sealing Cassettes 密封暗盒裝片 Handling Techniques for “Green Film” “綠片”操作技術(shù) Elements of Manual Film Processing 手工洗片要領(lǐng)6 Exposure Techniques of Radiography 射線照相曝光技術(shù) SingleWall Radiography 單壁透照 DoubleWall Radiography雙壁透照 Viewing Two walls simultaneously雙壁雙影 Offset doublewall Exposure singlewall Viewing雙壁單影 Elliptical Techniques橢圓投影 Panoramic Radiography 全景曝光 Use of MultipleF