【正文】
(3)若為一致性矩陣(consistency matrix)時, 特徵向量可由下式求算出來: (4)(3) 一致性檢定Saaty (1990)建議以一致性指標(biāo)(consistence index。在此條件下,則可進(jìn)行合理的比較,同時可保證其一致性(鄧振源與曾國雄,1989a;Satty,1980)。Delbecq, Van de Ven and Gustafson(1975)提到德菲法的群體成員數(shù)以以五人至九人為宜,因此本研究選定進(jìn)行修正式德菲法之專家共九人,在無干擾情況下蒐集專家群意見。2. 以國內(nèi)某知名連鎖寢具業(yè)之準(zhǔn)加盟主評選為例,實際應(yīng)用本研究所建構(gòu)之評選模式選出最佳加盟主。在具有多目標(biāo)或多準(zhǔn)則的決策領(lǐng)域中,AHP是一種簡單而又實用的方法(鄧振源與曾國雄,1989b),因此適用於加盟主評選。加盟總部拓店時除了評估加盟主個人因素之外,加盟主所擁有的商店位址以及所在商圈型態(tài)亦為重要考慮項目。關(guān)鍵字:連鎖、加盟、寢具業(yè)、德菲法、層級分析法Selection of Appropriate Bedding Chain Outlet Franchisee Adopting Delphi Technique and Analytic Hierarchy ProcessPiFang Hsu BiYu ChenGraduate Institute of Business and ManagementYuanpei University of Science and TechnologyABSTRACTChain outlets normally expand through franchising outlets, subsequently decreasing overhead costs and increasing economy of scale. While convenient stores, pharmacies and supermarkets are mon franchising outlets。模式首先透過修正式德菲法彙整專家意見,找出合適的評選準(zhǔn)則,再以層級分析法(analytic hierarchy process, AHP)來決定準(zhǔn)則之相對權(quán)重、排序替選方案並選出最佳加盟主。接著以臺灣某知名連鎖寢具公司總部選擇加盟主為例來驗證。 franchisers lack an objective means of selecting the most promising franchisee when two or more clients desire to start a franchise outlet. Moreover, most studies have focused on convenient retail stores, while neglecting other chain outlets, such as bedding. This work presents an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model that adopts several important criteria, enabling a bedding franchiser to select objectively which franchisees are the most appropriate. A questionnaire based on selection criteria identified from pertinent literature and interviews with experts is designed using the modified Delphi Technique and then sent to experts and decisionmakers. Major selection criteria are then analyzed and ranked using AHP. Analysis results indicate that the proposed selection model enables a franchiser to select franchisees more objectively by allowing them to operate effectively. The proposed model can also be applied to other brand bedding pany outlets, thus enhancing mercial operations.Keywords: Chain outlet, franchising, bedding, Delphi, analytic hierarchy process,一、 緒論近年來臺灣地區(qū)組織企業(yè)透過連鎖體系的直營或加盟型式擴(kuò)大營業(yè)規(guī)模有愈來愈普遍的趨勢。Applebaum(1964)提出決定商店位址所需要的考慮諸如消費者(特性或收入)、競爭情況、交通狀況、地區(qū)性的經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、零售業(yè)銷售狀況以及購物中心設(shè)立情形等等。各領(lǐng)域以AHP為基礎(chǔ)之研究甚多,諸如方國定、許欽嘉(1999)以及Kuo等(2002)應(yīng)用於便利商店立地選擇評估研究;Tzeng等(2002)針對餐廳位址選擇的研究以及Lin and Hsu(2003)應(yīng)用於評選網(wǎng)路廣告聯(lián)播中心等。二、研究方法本研究採用修正式德菲法蒐集專家意見,以決定評選準(zhǔn)則,接著應(yīng)用AHP決定各準(zhǔn)則之權(quán)重與重要性排序,玆將兩種方法說明如下︰21修正式德菲法 宋文娟(2001)認(rèn)為德菲法是一種兼具量化與質(zhì)性之科際整合研究方法,研究過程中,針對設(shè)定的議題,透過專家匿名,不斷書面討論方式,誘導(dǎo)專家以其專業(yè)知能、經(jīng)驗與意見建構(gòu)一致性共識,進(jìn)而解決複雜議題。22層級分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP)AHP能將複雜的問題系統(tǒng)化,由不同層面以予層級分解,並透過量化的判斷,覓得脈胳後加以綜合評估,以提供決策者選擇適當(dāng)?shù)姆桨傅某浞葙Y訊,同時減少決策錯誤的風(fēng)險性(鄧振源與曾國雄,1989a)。2.