【正文】
應(yīng)用德菲法及層級(jí)分析法評(píng)選最佳連鎖寢具業(yè)加盟主許碧芳 陳碧俞元培科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院經(jīng)營管理研究所摘要本研究目的在建構(gòu)一個(gè)連鎖寢具業(yè)加盟主之評(píng)選模式。模式首先透過修正式德菲法彙整專家意見,找出合適的評(píng)選準(zhǔn)則,再以層級(jí)分析法(analytic hierarchy process, AHP)來決定準(zhǔn)則之相對(duì)權(quán)重、排序替選方案並選出最佳加盟主。接著以臺(tái)灣某知名連鎖寢具公司總部選擇加盟主為例來驗(yàn)證。研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),總公司重視的準(zhǔn)則,其「?jìng)€(gè)人條件」大於「立地條件」,且立地條件方面次準(zhǔn)則排序與便利品或餐飲產(chǎn)業(yè)研究結(jié)果不同;而應(yīng)用本模式選出之最佳加盟主就是該區(qū)業(yè)績最佳的加盟主。此模式提供連鎖寢具業(yè)總部,客觀有效的來選擇最適合的加盟主,在學(xué)術(shù)及實(shí)務(wù)上均具有一定程度的價(jià)值與貢獻(xiàn)。關(guān)鍵字:連鎖、加盟、寢具業(yè)、德菲法、層級(jí)分析法Selection of Appropriate Bedding Chain Outlet Franchisee Adopting Delphi Technique and Analytic Hierarchy ProcessPiFang Hsu BiYu ChenGraduate Institute of Business and ManagementYuanpei University of Science and TechnologyABSTRACTChain outlets normally expand through franchising outlets, subsequently decreasing overhead costs and increasing economy of scale. While convenient stores, pharmacies and supermarkets are mon franchising outlets。 franchisers lack an objective means of selecting the most promising franchisee when two or more clients desire to start a franchise outlet. Moreover, most studies have focused on convenient retail stores, while neglecting other chain outlets, such as bedding. This work presents an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model that adopts several important criteria, enabling a bedding franchiser to select objectively which franchisees are the most appropriate. A questionnaire based on selection criteria identified from pertinent literature and interviews with experts is designed using the modified Delphi Technique and then sent to experts and decisionmakers. Major selection criteria are then analyzed and ranked using AHP. Analysis results indicate that the proposed selection model enables a franchiser to select franchisees more objectively by allowing them to operate effectively. The proposed model can also be applied to other brand bedding pany outlets, thus enhancing mercial operations.Keywords: Chain outlet, franchising, bedding, Delphi, analytic hierarchy process,一、 緒論近年來臺(tái)灣地區(qū)組織企業(yè)透過連鎖體系的直營或加盟型式擴(kuò)大營業(yè)規(guī)模有愈來愈普遍的趨勢(shì)。胡政源(2002)指出固然直營的連鎖店在整體運(yùn)作上能夠發(fā)揮統(tǒng)一的效果,但是面臨今後競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng),一方面礙於直營店的開設(shè)在人力、財(cái)力、物力的投資上過鉅,甚而發(fā)展時(shí)較受阻,另一方面市場(chǎng)上願(yuàn)意投資業(yè)者,也體認(rèn)孤軍奮鬥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)太大,所以願(yuàn)意參加已具經(jīng)營成效,而且擁有整套經(jīng)營體與軟體的企業(yè)體,在供需的同時(shí)需求下,特許式加盟連鎖店必將更普遍地應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。Frazer (2001)針對(duì)1999年十四家已中斷連鎖經(jīng)營權(quán)的加盟店的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)︰一般而言,加盟主通常不夠用心於經(jīng)營他們的事業(yè),因此總部需要慎選加盟主,並且加以督促經(jīng)營人去達(dá)成令人滿意的績效水準(zhǔn)。加盟總部拓店時(shí)除了評(píng)估加盟主個(gè)人因素之外,加盟主所擁有的商店位址以及所在商圈型態(tài)亦為重要考慮項(xiàng)目。Applebaum(1964)提出決定商店位址所需要的考慮諸如消費(fèi)者(特性或收入)、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)情況、交通狀況、地區(qū)性的經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、零售業(yè)銷售狀況以及購物中心設(shè)立情形等等。生活水平的提昇,強(qiáng)烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與高度壓力的環(huán)境下,讓民眾對(duì)健康、睡眠品質(zhì)日益重視;這樣的情況下,可預(yù)期地,諸如寢具業(yè)等耐久財(cái)?shù)氖袌?chǎng)得以擴(kuò)大;但在2004年初卻爆發(fā)了黑心床墊事件,使得民眾在選購寢具時(shí)有所負(fù)面影響;如何消除消費(fèi)者對(duì)於購買寢具時(shí)的疑慮?除了具有口碑與信譽(yù)的連鎖總部與製造工廠之外,銷售端的加盟主素質(zhì)也有對(duì)民眾的購買信心具有相當(dāng)程度的影響,因此當(dāng)連鎖總部在擴(kuò)大連鎖營運(yùn)單位之際,透過一個(gè)客觀準(zhǔn)則模式評(píng)選優(yōu)秀加盟主成為重要待解決的課題。連鎖業(yè)加盟主評(píng)選屬於多準(zhǔn)則決策問題,需要透過合適的評(píng)估準(zhǔn)則,經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的篩選程序後,才能客觀地評(píng)選出最佳的加盟主;層級(jí)分析法能將複雜的問題系統(tǒng)化,由不同層面以予層級(jí)分解,並透過量化的判斷,覓得脈胳後加以綜合評(píng)估,以提供決策者選擇適當(dāng)?shù)姆桨傅某浞葙Y訊,同時(shí)減少?zèng)Q策錯(cuò)誤的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性(鄧振源與