【正文】 y Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people. 亨利 that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them. 一方面,有些現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)是抽象的,也就是說,畫家并不打算把我們眼睛看到的東西如實地畫出來,而是集中展現(xiàn)物體的某些品質(zhì)特性,用色彩、線條和形狀把它們呈現(xiàn)出來。Modern Art (20th century to today) 現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)(20世紀(jì)至今) At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call modern art.在印象派作品的創(chuàng)建初期,它們是存在著爭議的,但是如今己被人們接受而成為現(xiàn)在我們所說的“現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)”的始祖了。They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. 他們急切地想把一天中不同時間投射到物體上的光線和陰影呈現(xiàn)出來。There were many new inventions and social changes. 有著許多新發(fā)明,還有許多社會變革。 By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. 巧合的是這一時期油畫顏料也得到了發(fā)展,它使得繪畫的色彩看上去更豐富、更深沉。 One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. 在此期間,最重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一就是如何用透視法來畫出事物。 People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. 人們開始較少關(guān)注宗教主題而采取一種更人性化的生活態(tài)度。 A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. 一個傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)家無意于如實地展現(xiàn)自然和人物。 Styles in Western art have changed many times. 西方的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格經(jīng)歷了多次變革。 As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. 由于西方的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格多種多樣，在短短的一篇課文里不可能進(jìn)行全面的描述。A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. 那個時期的典型的繪畫充滿了宗教的(象)特征,體現(xiàn)出了對上帝的愛戴與敬重。 At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. 同時畫家們回到了羅馬、希臘的古典藝術(shù)理念上。 This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. 這一手法是1428年由馬賽其奧第一次使用的。 Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. 沒有新的顏料和新的(繪畫)手法,我們就不能看到很多使這一時代著名的杰作。Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. 這些變革也自然而然地促成了新的繪畫風(fēng)格。However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. 然而由于自然光的變化很快,印象派畫家們必須很快地作畫,Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. 因此,他們的畫就不像以前那些畫家們的畫那樣細(xì)致了。This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. 這是因為印象派鼓勵畫家用一種嶄新的視角看待他們的環(huán)境。On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs. 而另一方面,有些現(xiàn)代派的藝術(shù)作品卻是那么寫實,看上去就像是照片?？巳Rs beautiful home and garden which are well worth a ,它們是很值得一看的。 The Guggenheim Museum building is also worldfamous. 古根海姆博物館的大樓也是世界聞名的。博物館里還有一家極好的餐館。 You can visit an Egyptian temple, a fragrant Ming garden, a typical room in an 18th century French house and many other special exhibitions. 你可以看到埃及的寺廟,馥郁的明朝花園,18世紀(jì)法國住宅中的典型房間,以及許多其他特殊展品。Whitney Museum of American Art (945 Madison Avenue, near 75th Street)惠特尼美國藝術(shù)博物館(麥迪遜大道945號,靠近第75街) The Whitney holds an excellent collection of contemporary American painting and sculpture. 惠特尼博物館藏有極好的當(dāng)代美國繪畫和雕塑品。 2 A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS 簡體英文詩 There are various reasons why people write poetry. 人們寫詩有著各種各樣的理由。In this text, however, we will look at a few of the simpler forms. 本文只談了幾種格式比較簡單的詩。 The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. 童謠的語言具體但富有想象力，這使得小孩子們快樂，因為它們押韻，節(jié)奏感強(qiáng)，并較多重復(fù)。t say a word,小寶寶，別說話，Papa39。s going to buy you a diamond 。s going to buy you a 。One of the simplest kinds of poems are those like B and C that list （B）和（C）這樣的列舉事物的清單詩是詩歌中最簡單的一種。（B）I saw a fish pond all on fire我看到魚塘在燃燒I saw a fishpond all on fire,我看到魚塘在燃燒，I saw a house bow to a squire,我看到房子向地主哈腰，I saw a person twelvefeet high,我看到人高一丈八，I saw a cottage in the sky,我看到茅屋在天郊。I saw a man who saw these too,我看到有人在一旁瞄，And said though strange they all were ，但也把實情報。t taken my eye off the ball,如果我死死盯住球，if we hadn39。d been better!如果我們能干的更好！ Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five ，叫做五行詩。It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English ，但是在用英語寫作的人們中間，這種詩也是很流行的。Look, a butterfly!瞧啊，是只蝴蝶！( by Moritake)（作者：Moritake）（G）Snow having melted,雪兒融化了，The whole village is brimful整個村莊充滿著Of happy 。Never looking back,Transformed into ，不回頭。 2 I39。To hold on winter mornings當(dāng)雪花兒初降時，When the snow is 。And for myself I39。ll not know等你長大成人以后，What brave young smiles can 。ve a need for love但是如果你需要愛，I39。 ADVICE FROM GRANDAD爺爺?shù)闹腋鍰ear James, 親愛的詹姆士：It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. 今天這兒的天氣很好。It39。Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up. 你媽媽告訴我，你不久前開始吸煙了，而且現(xiàn)在很難把它戒掉。 This means that after a while your body bees accustomed to having nicotine in it. 這句是說，過一段時間以后，你的身體習(xí)慣了香煙里的尼古丁， So when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal symptoms. 一旦你的體內(nèi)沒有這種麻醉劑了，你就會有斷癮癥狀， I remember feeling badtempered and sometimes even in pain. 我記得曾感到煩躁、甚至痛苦。 I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked. 我那時認(rèn)為，抽了一支煙后就會感到更輕松愉快，于是我就以為抽煙才能使自己感覺良好。t know much about the harmful effects of smoking. 在我年輕的時候，關(guān)于吸煙的危害性我知道的并不多。t know their babies may have a smaller birth weight or even be abnormal in some way. 我當(dāng)然不知道他們的嬰兒在出生時可能體重較輕或某些方面不正常。 She told me that she wouldn39。 When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking. 而由于我身體不健康被校足球隊除名之后，我才知道該是我戒煙的時候了。Here are a few ：Make a list of all the benefits you will get from stopping 。Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a nonsmoker. 每當(dāng)你想要吸煙的時候，你就提醒你自己，你（已經(jīng)）是不