【正文】 ys. （這種測量適用于大范圍和長距離的測量工作，用來確立基本點的精確位置，用以建立其他測量工作所需的控制網(wǎng)。aininchart,map,formthissurface。orartificialtheanddefined測繪學(xué)包括的學(xué)科有：測量學(xué)，大地測量學(xué)，遙感和攝影測量學(xué)，制圖學(xué)，GIS，GPS ）[from the Dept. of Sruveying and Spatial Information Science at the Univ. Of Tasmania]（摘自塔斯馬尼亞大學(xué)，測量與空間信息科學(xué)系）Unit 2 Geodetic Surveying and Plane Surveying（大地測量與平面測量）Surveying）[from the Dept. of Geomatics at Univ. of Melbourne]（摘自墨爾本大學(xué)測繪學(xué)系【或者地球空間信息學(xué)系】)Geomatics prises the science, engineering, and art involved in collecting and managing geographicallyreferenced information. Geographical information plays an important role in activities such as environmental monitoring, management of land and marine resources, and real estate transactions.（測繪學(xué)包括自然科學(xué)，工程學(xué)和工藝或【技術(shù)】學(xué)；對地理信息的收集與管理。它的應(yīng)用覆蓋所有依賴空間數(shù)據(jù)的學(xué)科，包括環(huán)境研究，規(guī)劃，工程學(xué)，導(dǎo)航，地質(zhì)和地球物理學(xué)，海洋學(xué)，土地開發(fā)，土地經(jīng)營和旅游學(xué)。它包括地籍測量、水道測量和海圖測量，在土地管理和土地使用中扮演重要的角色。）Other Definitions of Geomatics（測繪學(xué)的其他定義）As defined by the Canadian Institute of Geomatics in their quarterly journal “Geomatica”:Geomatics is a field of activities which, using a systemic approach, integrates all the means used to acquire and manage spatial data required as part of scientific, administrative, legal and technical operations【業(yè)務(wù)】 involved in the process of the production and management of spatial information.（加拿大測量學(xué)會【Canadian Institute of Geomatics】在他們的季刊“地球空間信息學(xué)”中這樣定義：測繪學(xué)是利用系統(tǒng)的方法，為生產(chǎn)和處理【management】科學(xué)的，行政的，法律的【legal】和技術(shù)的業(yè)務(wù)【operations】所需的空間信息，將所有獲取和管理空間信息的方法【means】整合在一起的活動領(lǐng)域。）Data management and process are handled through the use of puter programs for engineering design,digital photogrammetry, image analysis, relational data base management, and geographic information systems (GIS). （通過計算機程序，數(shù)據(jù)管理和處理 應(yīng)用于工程設(shè)計，數(shù)字?jǐn)z影測量【digital photogrammetry】，圖像分析，相關(guān)資料庫的管理和 GIS。）This broad term applies both to science and technology, and mapping, geodesy, satellite positioning, photogrammetry, remote sensing, geographic information systems(GIS), land management ,puter systems, environmental visualization and puter graphics.（這個廣泛的術(shù)語應(yīng)用于科學(xué)和技術(shù)，以及制圖、大地測量學(xué)、衛(wèi)星定位、攝影測量學(xué)、遙感、地理信息系統(tǒng)、土地管理、計算機系統(tǒng)、環(huán)境可視化和計算機制圖等領(lǐng)域）Several terms such as “geomatics” ,“geomatic engineering,” and “geoinformatics” are now in mon use pertaining to activities generally concerned with geographic information.（現(xiàn)在一些術(shù)語如“測繪學(xué)”，“測繪工程”和“地學(xué)信息學(xué)”共同應(yīng)用于某些活動中―――專屬于【pertain to】通常【generally】涉及【concern with】地理信息的活動。）As a result, the role of the “surveyor” is expanding beyond traditional areas of practice, as describedabove, into new areas of opportunity.（結(jié)果是，“surveyor”的角色大大超越傳統(tǒng)實踐領(lǐng)域――如前面所述的領(lǐng)域，進入到新的【opportunity 機會、時機】的領(lǐng)域。）More explicit job descriptions such as Land Surveyor, Engineering Surveyor or Hydrographic Surveyor for example, are monly used by practitioners to more clearly describe and market their specialized expertise.（更具體的【explicit 清楚的、直接的】工作如土地測量員、工程測量員和水道測量員，一般【monly一般地】被業(yè)內(nèi)人士【practitioners 從業(yè)者】用來更準(zhǔn)確的描述他們的專門技術(shù)。 it has been introduced worldwide in a number of institutes of higher education during the past few years, mostly by renaming what was previously called “geodesy” or “surveying”, and by adding a number of puter sciences and/or GISoriented courses.（這個術(shù)語【term 術(shù)語】作為一個學(xué)科【academic discipline 學(xué)科】第一次形成【emerge】于加拿大；在過去的幾年里被全世界的許多高等教育研究機構(gòu)所熟知，通常是以前的“大地測量學(xué)”或“測量學(xué)”在引入了許多計算機科學(xué)和 GIS 方向【或“基于 GIS”】的課程后重新命名的。）Now the term includes the traditional surveying definition along with surveying steadily increased importance with the development of new technologies and the growing demand for a variety of spatially related types of information, particularly in measuring and monitoring our environment.（隨著新技術(shù)的發(fā)展和不斷增長的對空間關(guān)系的信息類型的需求，尤其是在測量和監(jiān)測我們的環(huán)境方面【環(huán)境監(jiān)測】，現(xiàn)在，傳統(tǒng)測量學(xué)定義連同【along with】日益【steadily 穩(wěn)定的】增長的測量的重要性一起包含在這個術(shù)語里了?！局弊g為：更清楚的工作描述就如如土地測量員、工程測量員和水道測量員，一般被從業(yè)者用來更準(zhǔn)確的描述他們的專門技術(shù)。）In addition, recent advances in the technology of data collection and processing have blurred the boundaries of practice and activity between what were previously regarded as related but separate areas.（另外，最近的數(shù)據(jù)采集和處理技術(shù)的發(fā)展模糊了以前被認(rèn)為有聯(lián)系卻分離的領(lǐng)域的【實踐的活動的 practice and activity】界限）Such developments are forecast to continue and will create new career paths for graduates whose education and training is broadly based and of a high academic standard.（可以預(yù)見【forecast】，這種發(fā)展繼續(xù)并將為涉獵廣泛、學(xué)識一流的【broadly based and of a high academic standard】畢業(yè)生創(chuàng)造新的事業(yè)。）These terms have been adopted primarily to represent the general approach that geographic information is collected, managed, and applied. （這些術(shù)語起初被采用用來表示地理信息的采集、管理和應(yīng)用的總體的方法。）Data plotting(presentation) is handled through the use of mapping and other illustrative puter programs。）【as part of 作為……的一部分，這里不翻譯出來】The definition of Geomatics is evolving. A working definition might be “the art, science and technologies related to the management of geographicallyreferenced information.” Geomatics includes a wide range of activities, from the acquisition and analysis of sitespecific spatial data in engineering and development surveys to the application of GIS and remote sensing technologies in environmental management. It includes cadastral surveying, hydrographic surveying, and ocean mapping, and it plays an important role in land administration and land use management .（測繪學(xué)定義在發(fā)展。）Geomatics is the modern scientific term referring to the integrated approach of measurement, analysis, management, storage and display of the descriptions and location of Earthbased data, often termed spatial data. These data e from many sources, including earth orbiting satellites, air and seaborne sensors and ground based instruments. It is processed and manipulated with stateoftheart information technology using puter software and hardware. It has applications in all disciplines which depend on spatial data, including environmental studies, planning, engineering, navigation, geology and geophysics, oceanography, land development and land ownership and tourism. It is thus fundamental to all the geoscience disciplines which use spatially related data .（測繪學(xué)是一個現(xiàn)代科學(xué)術(shù)語，用以表示測量、分析、管理，存儲和顯示基于地球信息，經(jīng)常被稱為空間數(shù)據(jù)【often termed spatial data】數(shù)據(jù)的描述和位置的集成方法。它因而成為所有使用