【正文】 stroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.【譯文】據(jù)估計(jì)，在英國(guó)一年里被蜘蛛消滅的昆蟲(chóng)的總重量超過(guò)該國(guó)人口的總重量?！局v解】it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill。census：統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)量（a process of counting something）。 that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch.【譯文】某蜘蛛權(quán)威對(duì)英國(guó)南部某塊草坪上的蜘蛛數(shù)目統(tǒng)計(jì)了一次。例如：Don’t be uneasy on my behalf. 不要為我擔(dān)心。27. One can tell the difference almost at a glance, for a spider always has eight legs and insect never more than six.【譯文】人們幾乎一眼就能看出二者的差異，因?yàn)橹┲肟偸?條腿，而昆蟲(chóng)至多有6條腿。原句是說(shuō)“許多人認(rèn)為蜘蛛是昆蟲(chóng)，而其實(shí)不是，他們的看法有誤”，而前兩種譯文的意思則變?yōu)椤霸S多人的看法是正確的，他們認(rèn)為蜘蛛不是昆蟲(chóng)”。26. Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.【譯文】蜘蛛不像許多人認(rèn)為的那樣屬于昆蟲(chóng)，它們甚至與昆蟲(chóng)毫無(wú)關(guān)系?！締卧~和短語(yǔ)】owe:應(yīng)感激（to know that someone’s help has been important to you in achieving something），例如：We owe our parents a lot. 我們得大大感激我們的父母。24. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.【譯文】我們受惠于食蟲(chóng)的飛禽鳥(niǎo)獸，但把它們都算在一起，也只是捕殺了蜘蛛消滅的昆蟲(chóng)數(shù)的一個(gè)零頭。insects would和they would中的would均表示與事實(shí)不符的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)。23. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world。【講解】when even the bones … trace相當(dāng)于讓步從句，when意即“雖然，盡管”，又如：We sometimes expect gratitude when we are not entitled to it.有時(shí)雖然我們不值得感激，我們卻期望別人感激。these指wood and skins?！局v解】other kinds后面省略了of stones。 came from.【譯文】于是，考古學(xué)家既無(wú)歷史記載，亦無(wú)口頭傳說(shuō)來(lái)幫助他們弄清首批“現(xiàn)代人”來(lái)自何方?！締卧~和短語(yǔ)】saga:傳說(shuō)（a long story about events that happen over many year）。people：people作“一國(guó)人民，民族”（the people who belong to a particular country，race，or area）解時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，復(fù)數(shù)為peoples或people。anthropology意為“人類(lèi)學(xué)”（the scientific study of people，their societies ，cultures，etc.）。指前者時(shí)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，指后者時(shí)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The gold watch has been handed down in his family. 那塊金表是他家祖?zhèn)鞯??！締卧~和短語(yǔ)】preserve：保存，保留（to make sth. continue without changing）?！局v解】to recount it as…another是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，作表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)way的內(nèi)容，it指history。【單詞和短語(yǔ)】even now：此處意為“甚至到現(xiàn)在”，例如：Even now he won’t believe me. 他甚至到現(xiàn)在還不相信我。另學(xué)習(xí)millennium，意為“一千年”，復(fù)數(shù)為millennia。Lesson 1 Finding fossil man第一課發(fā)現(xiàn)化石人by ROBIN PLACEfrom Finding fossil man 11. We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.【譯文】我們能讀到五千年前近東發(fā)生之事，那里的人最先學(xué)會(huì)了書(shū)寫(xiě)。5,000 years即為5 millennia。even now另有兩解，一為“就在此刻”，例如：Perhaps even now the time has 。句中破折號(hào)引出同位語(yǔ)。例如：preserve an old house as a museum 保存一幢老房子用作陳列館preserve sb.’s right to do sth. 保留某人對(duì)某事物的權(quán)利Few of his early poems are preserved. 他早期的詩(shī)沒(méi)有幾首留存下來(lái)。14. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did.【譯文】這些傳說(shuō)有用，因?yàn)樗鼈兡芨嬖V我們一些人遷徙之事。【單詞和短語(yǔ)】migration：遷徙，移居（when large numbers of people go to live in another area or country，especially in order to find work），動(dòng)詞形式為migrate，例如：migrate to another country 移居他國(guó)15. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from.【譯文】人類(lèi)學(xué)家過(guò)去不清楚如今生活在太平洋諸島的波利尼西亞各民族的遠(yuǎn)祖來(lái)自何方。相關(guān)詞匯有sociology（社會(huì)學(xué)）和ethnology（人種學(xué)，民族學(xué)）。參照上下文，文中people譯為“民族”。17. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten.【譯文】但是，和我們相似的原始人生活的年代太久遠(yuǎn)了，因此有關(guān)他們的傳說(shuō)，即使存在，如今也失傳了?！締卧~和短語(yǔ)】legend:傳說(shuō)（an old，wellknown story，often about brave people, adventures, or magical events）。【單詞和短語(yǔ)】flint：燧石（a type of smooth hard stone that makes a small flame when you hit it with steel）?！締卧~和短語(yǔ)】rot: 腐敗，腐爛（to decay by a gradual natural process, or to make something to do this）。While he has a house of his own, his brother lives in a flat.盡管他有自己的房子，他弟弟卻住在公寓里。 they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insecteating animals.【譯文】昆蟲(chóng)可以使我們無(wú)法在地球上生存。if it were not for the protection…作前面兩個(gè)分句的非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意即“要不是我們從食蟲(chóng)那里得到保護(hù)的話……”?！局v解】all of them指birds and beasts，put together kill相當(dāng)于…them who are put together kill。25. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the least harm to us or our belongings.【譯文】此外，不同于其他一些食蟲(chóng)動(dòng)物，蜘蛛對(duì)人類(lèi)及其財(cái)物絲毫無(wú)損?！局v解】as many people think是插入語(yǔ)，意即“蜘蛛不是像許多人認(rèn)為的那樣是昆蟲(chóng)”。正確的譯法應(yīng)將as many people think置于not（不像）之后、are（屬于）之前，譯為“蜘蛛不像許多人認(rèn)為的那樣屬于昆蟲(chóng)”?！締卧~和短語(yǔ)】at a glance：28. How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf?【譯文】有多少蜘蛛正在為我們做這項(xiàng)工作呢？【單詞和短語(yǔ)】engaged:忙的；從事……的（busy）；例如：Engaged in conversation，they did not see me.他們談得正來(lái)勁，沒(méi)看見(jiàn)我。該詞組的另一含義是“代表某人（instead of someone，or as their representative）”。他估計(jì)每英畝草坪里有超過(guò)225萬(wàn)只蜘蛛，即相當(dāng)于一個(gè)足球場(chǎng)上約有6百萬(wàn)只種類(lèi)各異的蜘蛛。210. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects.【譯文】蜘蛛至少有半年在忙于吃蟲(chóng)。It is impossible to…是重點(diǎn)句型，需熟練掌握?！局v解】it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是the weight of all the insects destroyed…in the country。【講解】try后接動(dòng)詞不定式，作make an attempt解，譯為“力圖”。32. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all.【譯文】然而在登山運(yùn)動(dòng)初創(chuàng)期全然并非如此。【講解】to the top是介詞短語(yǔ)，作way的定語(yǔ)，指“到達(dá)頂峰的路”。summit另一常見(jiàn)含義為峰會(huì)（an important meeting or set of meetings between the leaders of several governments），例如：The two presidents agreed to hold a summit in the April.兩位總統(tǒng)同意在四月舉行峰會(huì)。at the thought后省略了of the manner。35. They had a single aim, a solitary goal—the top!【譯文】他們只有一個(gè)目的，唯一的目標(biāo)——頂峰！【講解】從語(yǔ)法角度分析，a solitary goal和the top均是a single aim的同位語(yǔ)。【單詞和短語(yǔ)】solitary：獨(dú)一無(wú)二的（used to emphasize that there is only one of something），例如：a solitary exception 唯一的例外36. It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers.【譯文】如今我們很難理解登山先驅(qū)者昔日是多么艱苦。 【講解】such as可以分開(kāi)，如such places as…，這時(shí)as作關(guān)系代詞，as引出的從句是省略句?！締卧~和短語(yǔ)】except for：除了……之外，例如：I know nothing about him except for the fact that he lives next door.我除了知道他住在隔壁外，對(duì)他的其他情況一無(wú)所知。單調(diào)的食物是當(dāng)?shù)厝槔遗湟猿３Ｒ逊帕艘荒曛玫拿姘?，人們就著劣酒吞下這種食物。acpanied by bread often twelve months old是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，作cheese的定語(yǔ)。could后省略了find shelter。310. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very unfortable.【譯文】這些山村的基調(diào)總是一樣的：骯且窮，極不舒適。invariably是invariable的副