【正文】 【單詞和短語(yǔ)】invariable: 始終如一的，恒定不變的（always happening in the same way, at the same time etc.），例如：It’s my invariable habit to take a nap.睡午覺(jué)是我的老習(xí)慣?！局v解】of people who can…walls作定語(yǔ)修飾cases，這部分較長(zhǎng)，所以被移到謂語(yǔ)部分后，這樣句子就不會(huì)頭重腳輕。43. This ability was first noticed by her father.【譯文】她父親首先發(fā)現(xiàn)她具備這一能力。there指locked safe。47. During these tests she was able to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and, stranger still, by moving her elbow over a child39。wearing前省略了When she was。 and, indeed, except when blindfold she lacked the ability to perceive things with her skin.【譯文】在所有這些實(shí)驗(yàn)中，維拉的雙眼都是蒙著的。【講解】the moment her hands were wet是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“她的雙手一濕”。which I take leave to doubt系插入語(yǔ)。問(wèn)題的癥結(jié)恐怕就在于此。請(qǐng)注意句中的暗喻（metaphor）修辭手法，作者把社會(huì)比作a huge school，把自己比作a new boy?！締卧~和短語(yǔ)】identity：個(gè)性，特性（the qualities and attitudes that a person or group of people have, that make them different from other people），例如：The planners decided to enlarge the four villages and preserve their distinct identities.設(shè)計(jì)者們決定擴(kuò)大這4個(gè)村莊并保留它們各自的特色?！局v解】all this seems to me to link…中to me乃插入語(yǔ)?！締卧~和短語(yǔ)】suburban：有郊區(qū)（人）特點(diǎn)的；貶平淡乏味的；古板的（boring and typical of people who live in the suburbs），例如：a suburban lifestyle 郊區(qū)生活方式512. All that is in my mind when I meet a young person.【譯文】每逢遇到年輕人，我就想到這些。dreary clich233。fatuous：愚笨的，昏庸的，蠢的（very silly or stupid），名詞形式為fatuity，例如：fatuous talk 昏話Television mercials seem more fatuous than ever.電視廣告節(jié)目似乎比以往任何時(shí)候更沒(méi)意思了。if only意為“只要”，引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)或真實(shí)條件句。one泛指人，可譯為“人們”?！局v解】practised nowadays是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)，修飾sports。65. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as a the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage bative instincts are aroused.【譯文】在鄉(xiāng)間的草坪上，當(dāng)你隨意為雙方鼓勁，并且不涉及任何地方情緒時(shí)，那才可能是單純的為了娛樂(lè)和鍛煉而進(jìn)行比賽。【單詞和短語(yǔ)】frankly：坦白地，直率地；不加掩飾地（used to show that you are really think about sth.），例如：He frankly admitted his error. 他坦率地承認(rèn)了自己的錯(cuò)誤。work和believe是定語(yǔ)從句中的并列謂語(yǔ)。【講解】and, behind the spectators, of the nations…are tests of national virtue是對(duì)But the significant thing…the attitude of the spectators的引申。66. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this.【譯文】即使是僅參加過(guò)學(xué)校足球賽的人也有這種體會(huì)。【講解】you泛指人，可譯為“人們”。concrete 亦可做名詞，常見(jiàn)意為“大理石”。inclination：（性格上的）傾向；意向；愛(ài)好，癖好（a feeling that makes you want to do sth.），動(dòng)詞形式為incline，形容詞形式為inclined，例如，My inclination is to agree. 我傾向于同意。Lesson 6 The sporting spirit第六課體育精神by GEORGE ORWELLfrom The sporting spirit 61. I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the mon peoples of the would could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.【譯文】當(dāng)人們說(shuō)體育可創(chuàng)造兩國(guó)的友誼，還說(shuō)各國(guó)民眾若在足球場(chǎng)或板球場(chǎng)上交鋒就不愿在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上殘殺的時(shí)候，我總是驚愕不已。for elders作respect的定語(yǔ)。s about respect of elders—as if mere age were a reason for respect.【譯文】年輕人也許狂妄自負(fù)，舉止無(wú)理，傲慢放肆，愚昧無(wú)知，但我決不求助于要尊重長(zhǎng)者云云的陳詞濫調(diào)來(lái)為維護(hù)自己的尊嚴(yán)，似乎唯有年長(zhǎng)才是受人尊敬的理由。s as if they were, in some sense, cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures.【譯文】從某種意義上講，他們似乎是超凡脫俗之人，同我們這些見(jiàn)識(shí)短淺的俗物形成鮮明而有趣的對(duì)照。【單詞和短語(yǔ)】dreary：枯燥無(wú)味的；單調(diào)的；令人生厭的（dull and making you feel sad or bored），例如:a dreary meeting 枯燥的會(huì)議mean：卑鄙的（cruel and not kind），例如：a mean motive 卑鄙的動(dòng)機(jī)It is mean to spread gossip about others.散布有關(guān)他人的流言蜚語(yǔ)是卑鄙的。so interesting as a problem作something的定語(yǔ)。例如：There’s the rub. 難就難在這兒。53. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings—people just like their elders.【譯文】讓我們來(lái)認(rèn)真研究一些基本事實(shí)：承認(rèn)青年和他們的長(zhǎng)輩一樣終究也是人。the problem of youth39。又如：Michael Jackson was fond of singing when（he was）yet a child.邁克【單詞和短語(yǔ)】opaque：不透明的（be difficult to see through and often thick），反義詞為transparent。還有一次，她穿著長(zhǎng)筒襪子和拖鞋，能用腳識(shí)別出藏在地毯下面的一幅畫(huà)的輪廓和顏色。46. Vera39。safe:保險(xiǎn)柜（a strong metal box or cupboard with special locks where you keep money and valuable things）。彼托洛娃，她視力正常，但她還能用皮膚的不同部位辨認(rèn)東西，甚至看穿堅(jiān)實(shí)的墻壁?！締卧~和短語(yǔ)】be accustomed to（doing/do）something：習(xí)慣于做某事（to be familiar with something and accept it as normal），例如：We are accustomed to working/work hard.我們習(xí)慣于努力工作?！締卧~和短語(yǔ)】boast：以擁有……而自豪（if a place, object, or organization boasts something, it has something that is very good），例如：A fishing village 30 years ago, it now boasts 150 major hotels.那地方30年前還是個(gè)漁村，現(xiàn)已為擁有150家大賓館而自豪。請(qǐng)注意，在幾個(gè)并列分句中，第一個(gè)分句中用了be，后面分句中的be可以省略，例如：There are two requisites in interpretation：one is accuracy and the other（is）expressiveness.口譯要求有二：準(zhǔn)確和明晰。cut off from civilization by the high mountains是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾settlements。破折號(hào)引出被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分?！局v解】equipped in a manner…thought是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，作原因狀語(yǔ)，修飾faced。例如：the pioneering work of NASA scientists（美國(guó)）國(guó)家航空和航天局科學(xué)家們所作的開(kāi)創(chuàng)性工作33. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before.【譯文】早期登山者所尋找的是通往山頂?shù)淖罘奖愕耐緩剑驗(yàn)轫敺?，尤其是仍未被人征服過(guò)的頂峰，才是他們尋求的目標(biāo)。他們認(rèn)為路線愈艱難則愈為人們所重視?！局v解】it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill。 that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch.【譯文】某蜘蛛權(quán)威對(duì)英國(guó)南部某塊草坪上的蜘蛛數(shù)目統(tǒng)計(jì)了一次。27. One can tell the difference almost at a glance, for a spider always has eight legs and insect never more than six.【譯文】人們幾乎一眼就能看出二者的差異，因?yàn)橹┲肟偸?條腿，而昆蟲(chóng)至多有6條腿。26. Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.【譯文】蜘蛛不像許多人認(rèn)為的那樣屬于昆蟲(chóng)，它們甚至與昆蟲(chóng)毫無(wú)關(guān)系。24. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.【譯文】我們受惠于食蟲(chóng)的飛禽鳥(niǎo)獸，但把它們都算在一起，也只是捕殺了蜘蛛消滅的昆蟲(chóng)數(shù)的一個(gè)零頭。23. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world。these指wood and skins。 came from.【譯文】于是，考古學(xué)家既無(wú)歷史記載，亦無(wú)口頭傳說(shuō)來(lái)幫助他們弄清首批“現(xiàn)代人”來(lái)自何方。people：people作“一國(guó)人民，民族”（the people who belong to a particular country，race，or area）解時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，復(fù)數(shù)為peoples或people。指前者時(shí)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，指后者時(shí)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。【單詞和短語(yǔ)】preserve：保存，保留（to make sth. continue without cha