【正文】 －womenmouse－micetooth－teethsheep－sheeppoliceman－policemenox－oxengoose－geesedeer－deer▲ fish表示魚的數(shù)量時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)同形；表示魚的種類時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù)為fishes.. My cat had two fish for lunch. You can see a lot of different fishes in the lake. 口訣：可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)特殊變化規(guī)律[2]：中日好友來聚會(huì)，綿羊、鹿、魚把家回。、n。（這些單詞單復(fù)數(shù)一樣）如果表達(dá)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的概念時(shí)，量詞需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可數(shù)名詞不變。例：Tom’s book② 如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞末尾已有s，就直接加 ’ 例： the teachers’ office③ 如果一些物品為兩者共有，只需在后一個(gè)名詞后加 ’s ；如果為各自所有，則需在每個(gè)名詞后加’s。不定冠詞a，an用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面，泛指一類人或物中的任何一個(gè)。1) 表示特指的人或物前。. He is from the UK.5) 表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前。. Spring is the best season in a year.9) 用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。我你他她它我們你們他們主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem①主格一般用在句子開頭做主語，通常用在動(dòng)詞前。如：my watch, his cousin, our school②名詞性物主代詞本身就可以看作是名詞，故其后不能再加名詞，可單獨(dú)使用。. There are some flowers in the garden. （肯定句）There isn’t any milk in the fridge. （否定句）Do you have any hobbies? （疑問句）② 在表示邀請(qǐng)和希望對(duì)方給予肯定回答的疑問句中也要用some。. My uncle has many stamps. There is much tea in the cup.（4）each和every each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人，指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或事物中的“每個(gè)”；every是指許多人或事物的“全體”，與all的意思相近。. We study Chinese, English, Maths and other subjects.（6）something和everything① something 某事；某物 . I want something to drink.② everything 一切事物；每樣事物 . Tell me everything about you.（7）nobody 沒有人 . She likes nobody and nobody likes her.疑問代詞：用來表達(dá)疑問或構(gòu)成疑問句的代詞，一般放在疑問句的句首。它的位置通常放在被修飾的名詞前，也可以放在be動(dòng)詞和look、feel、taste、sound、get之后。. Autumn is the best season in New York.She is the tallest girl of our three.第7講 副詞副詞是一種用來修飾動(dòng)詞或形容詞的詞，說明時(shí)間、程度、方式等概念。in① 在……里面。如：in the morning，in the afternoon，in the evening⑤在年、月、季節(jié)前。 如：on the desk②用在某一天（上、下午）前。如：I can see a lot of apples on the tree. There is a boy in the tree. at①在某個(gè)時(shí)刻前。如：at once（立刻，馬上），be good at（擅長……），look at（看），at home（在家），at school（在學(xué)校）, at weekends（在周末）, at the back of（在……后部）, at night（在夜晚）under 在……下面 如：There is a cat under the table.behind 在……后面 如：There is an umbrella behind the door.near 靠近…… 如：There is a park near my house.beside 在……旁邊 如：The students are standing beside the teacher.next to 緊靠……旁邊 如：The teachers’ office is next to our classroom.before （時(shí)間上）在……之前 如： before class（上課前）after （時(shí)間上）在……之后；依照固定搭配： after class（課后），after school（放學(xué)后），look after（照看），run after（追趕），read after me（跟我讀）1between 在兩者之間 如：There are some trees between Building A and Building B.1by 乘某種交通工具 如：by bus，by plane，by the way（順便說一下）1from ①be from = e from（來自……） 如：Mr Smiths is/es from Australia.②from…to…（從……到……）We go to school from Monday to Friday.1to 到、去…… 如：Let’s go to the zoo. 固定搭配：write to（給xx寫信）1about 關(guān)于；大約如: I want to buy a book about animals. It’s about one kilometer away.1for 為、給…… 如：Here’s a letter for you. What’s for breakfast?固定搭配：look for （尋找），wait for（等候）1with ①與……一起。序數(shù)詞：表示順序先后。字母f代ve，④③eight——eighth，nine—ninth。and “和”，表示并列關(guān)系。 如：Do you have any brothers or sisters？I don’t have any brothers or sisters. than “比”，表示對(duì)比關(guān)系。按其詞義和在句子中的作用可以分為連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞。他們通常用在疑問句和否定句中。1）can和may都可以用來表示請(qǐng)求或允許，但may比can更正式，更客氣些。如：Will you please open the window？ Would you like some coffee? 注意區(qū)別：I’d like… 我想要……（接名詞） 如：I’d like some tea.I’d like to… 我想要做……（接動(dòng)詞原形）如：I’d like to go with you.I like… 我喜歡……（接名詞或動(dòng)名詞）如：I like monkeys. I like reading.4） shall 在問句中表示征求對(duì)方的意見，主要用于第一人稱。在英語中，不同時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，需要用不同的動(dòng)詞形式來表現(xiàn)，這就叫時(shí)態(tài)。句中常有now，look，listen等詞。如：My brother often went to school by bike last term.The watch was beside the diary a moment ago.I watched the moon and ate the moon cakes last MidAutumn Festival.Jim went to the supermarket yesterday.構(gòu)成：主語＋動(dòng)詞的過去式＋其他動(dòng)詞過去式的變化規(guī)則：① 一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加ed 如：playplayed，listenlistened，looklooked② 結(jié)尾是e的動(dòng)詞，加d 如：livelived，likeliked，tastetasted③ 輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加ed 如：studystudied，carrycarried，crycried④ 末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加ed 如：stopstopped，planplanned⑤ 不規(guī)則變化 如：am/iswas arewere have/hashad dodid gowentsitsat telltold seesaw getgot makemadegivegave readread buybought ecame putputdrawdrew eatate flyflew meetmet runransaysaid singsang swimswam taketook一般過去時(shí)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答He watched TV yesterday.He didn’t watch TV yesterday. —Did he watch TV yesterday?—Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.They played games just now.They didn’t play games just now.— Did they play games just now?—Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t.第15講 一般將來時(shí)定義：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，以及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備某事。如：He is going to write a letter tomorrow. I will meet her one day.③ be going to還可以用來表示有跡象表明某件事將要發(fā)生，常用于天氣等自然現(xiàn)象。He likes drawing pictures.—He doesn’t like drawing pictures.I went to the park yesterday. —I didn’t go to the park yesterday.4）陳述句改一般疑問句①有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的，把be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前?！狪s Mr Green from the UK? —Yes，he is. / No，he isn’t.—Do you have any hobbies? —Yes，I do. / No，I don’t.—Can you play the guitar? —Yes，I can. / No，I can’t.2）特殊疑問句：以特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)，要求回答具體問題，不能用yes或no來回答。1）用于第二人稱，通常省略you。1）主語是單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用is(was)；主語是復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用are(were)。There are som