【正文】 nesKlenow method can be illustrated by a crosscountry example. Suppose we want to pare the economic welfare of citizens of the . and France in 2005.In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the ., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that parison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours。 they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like。統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查在衡量測算方面有如下重要問題：1)它不包括稅收、轉(zhuǎn)賬和補(bǔ)償，如雇主提供的健康保險(xiǎn)；2)它基于調(diào)查而不是數(shù)據(jù)?？死罩Z最近發(fā)表的一篇文章，文中提出了一種新穎有趣的經(jīng)濟(jì)福祉衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。瓊斯和克勒諾提出的方法可以通過一個(gè)跨國案例加以說明。法國人休假時(shí)間更長，退休時(shí)間更早，因此通常工作時(shí)間更短；他們的預(yù)期壽命更長，大概反映了法國在醫(yī)療保健、飲食、生活方式等方面的優(yōu)勢；法國的收入和消費(fèi)分配相對(duì)于美國也要更均衡一些。瓊斯和克勒諾提出的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也可以用來評(píng)估某個(gè)國家在某個(gè)時(shí)間段的經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)績。從方法上講，瓊斯克倫諾研究所得出的教訓(xùn)是，經(jīng)濟(jì)福祉是多維的。它包含了影響生活質(zhì)量的更多因素，比美國人口普查局所采用的方法更全面更靈活。D. 它提供了許多值得思考的事情。第二自然段第二句話“Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and inplete, statistic.”意思是：不幸的是，這一結(jié)論過于強(qiáng)調(diào)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，而該數(shù)據(jù)雖有效，但有缺陷和不完整。B. 它徹底改變了衡量普通百姓生計(jì)的方法。【答案詳解】答案是D。【干擾分析】本題為觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題，需要將第三自然段第二句話充分理解。D. 它沒有將自然資源方面的差異計(jì)算在內(nèi)。很明顯，B選項(xiàng)中neglected和important indicators分別與該句中omits和relevant factors對(duì)應(yīng)。49. What is an advantage of the JonesKlenow method?A) It can accurately pinpoint a country’s current economic problems.B) It can help to raise people’s awareness of their economic wellbeing.C) It can diagnose the causes of a country’s slowing pace of economic improvement.D) It can pare a country’s economic conditions between different periods of time.【題干譯文】瓊斯和克勒諾提出的方法有什么優(yōu)勢？【選項(xiàng)譯文】A. 它能夠準(zhǔn)確地指出一個(gè)國家當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題?！径ㄎ恍畔ⅰ繉㈩}干中JonesKlenow method作為向?qū)г~，結(jié)合順序法，定位到第七自然段?！靖蓴_分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題，其在文中對(duì)應(yīng)的閱讀點(diǎn)明確，其他干擾項(xiàng)迷惑性較小。D. 自本世紀(jì)中期以來，美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)福祉一致沒有得到準(zhǔn)確的評(píng)估和報(bào)告。根據(jù)第七自然段最后三句話，我們可以得知：本世紀(jì)初到本世紀(jì)中期，美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)福祉比其它大國都要好。A選項(xiàng)中much better與實(shí)際程度不符，B選項(xiàng)與美國經(jīng)濟(jì)福祉持續(xù)改善的事實(shí)不符。我們自己的決策能力會(huì)在一天中被消耗殆盡，導(dǎo)致優(yōu)柔寡斷或決策失誤，而代表他人做出選擇則不會(huì)落入同樣的陷阱，從而是一項(xiàng)令人愉快的任務(wù)。波爾曼說：“這大概是因?yàn)橹苯娱_處方將病看完相對(duì)于做進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的檢查更為簡單的緣故?！?從他人那里獲得信息不僅提供了一個(gè)全新的視角和思維過程，而且往往還包括更冒險(xiǎn)的選擇?！澳切┤菀资軟Q策疲勞影響的人可能會(huì)選擇什么也不做，”他說：“這并不是說風(fēng)險(xiǎn)總是好的，但它與采取行動(dòng)有關(guān)，而決策疲勞肯定會(huì)導(dǎo)致不作為?！彼€補(bǔ)充說，人們總是反復(fù)于決策者和被決策者這兩個(gè)角色之中。B. 他們在給別人做決定時(shí)比為自己做決定時(shí)更加謹(jǐn)慎。只有利用順序法定位，該題作為本閱讀文章的第一題，閱讀點(diǎn)一般在文章開頭或靠前的位置?！靖蓴_分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題，A選項(xiàng)中exhausted與對(duì)應(yīng)的閱讀點(diǎn)中depleted意義相關(guān)。C. 決策疲勞可能會(huì)阻礙人們做出明智的決定。根據(jù)第三自然段第一句話：“Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it’s unwise to do so.”意思是：例如，那些連續(xù)工作了幾個(gè)小時(shí)的醫(yī)生更傾向于給病人開抗生素，盡管這樣做很多時(shí)候并不明智。B. 當(dāng)他們幫助別人做決定時(shí)。只有利用順序法定位，前面的52題在文中對(duì)應(yīng)的閱讀點(diǎn)在第三自然段，本題的閱讀點(diǎn)在53題的閱讀點(diǎn)也就是第三自然段第一句話之后的部分。那么人們在什么時(shí)候不太容易感到?jīng)Q策疲勞呢？答案自然是當(dāng)他們幫助別人做決定時(shí)。C. 他們會(huì)采納全新的觀點(diǎn)。【答案詳解】答案是C。55. What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?A) It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.B) It is likely to entail serious consequences.C) It will enable people to be more creative.D) It will more often than not end in regret.【題干譯文】關(guān)于在決策中冒一些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，文中的觀點(diǎn)是？【選項(xiàng)譯文】A. 它對(duì)達(dá)到所期望的目標(biāo)至關(guān)重要。【定位信息】題干中risk可作為向?qū)г~，結(jié)合順序法，定位到第六自然段?！靖蓴_分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題，很明顯， A選項(xiàng)中的vital 以及reach the goal desired 分別與文中對(duì)應(yīng)的閱讀點(diǎn)中essential、achieve a successful oute or reward相對(duì)應(yīng)。根據(jù)第六自然段第一句話：“In order