【正文】 狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。He has learned English for six years.（3）表示“曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某地（人已回來(lái)）”用“have/has been to”，表示“到某地去了（還未回來(lái)）”用“have/has gone to”。）（3）代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，描繪更加生動(dòng)。） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：did,( 系動(dòng)詞was/were)表達(dá)特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況，或過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為。I’ll go there after I finish my work.If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.（3）在以here,there開(kāi)頭的句子里，go,e等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has e to China.A woman with a baby was on the bus.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She, like you and Tom, is very tall.The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.No one except my teachers knows anything about it.二、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是日?？谡Z(yǔ)、寫作都要用到的，并不僅僅局限于考試，所以是一個(gè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的基礎(chǔ)。I don’t think physics is easy to study.“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；若表示某一類東西時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.The number of pages in this book is three hundred. 在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。（畫線為先行詞）Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.He is one of my friends who are working hard.He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分一致。either, neither, each, every 或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some, any no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。一、主謂一致 主謂一致的關(guān)鍵在于，分條記清楚，不要混淆。. . . .高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)：高中語(yǔ)法難在復(fù)雜，要記憶的知識(shí)點(diǎn)太多、太雜，我結(jié)合高中的語(yǔ)法要求大綱簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)了我個(gè)人認(rèn)為比較主要的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。 以動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；To study English well is not easy.（動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)）Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. （動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)） What he said is very important for us all. （從句作主語(yǔ)） 由連接詞and或both…and連接起來(lái)的主語(yǔ)后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Every student and every teach is in the classroom.Many a boy and many a girl likes it.No boy and no girl likes it.Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today?Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter若none of 后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)。It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.It is we who are going to the cinema tonight. 如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式； 如果它指的集體的成員，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。There es the bus.Between the two hills stands a monument. 表數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)“one and a half”后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。The old are taken good care of there.（老人們）The beautiful gives pleasure to all.（美好的東西）there be 句型中be 動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語(yǔ)。對(duì)于應(yīng)用考試，時(shí)態(tài)的難點(diǎn)通常是過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來(lái)完成時(shí)，難在時(shí)間點(diǎn)、時(shí)間段的判別，通常會(huì)有關(guān)鍵詞比如ago\since等等，如果沒(méi)有關(guān)鍵詞就要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境判斷時(shí)間的延續(xù)性和間斷性。There goes the bell.（鈴響了。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：is/am/are doing（1）表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。The sun is rising in the east.（太陽(yáng)從東方冉冉升起。 —Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the readingroom.—She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.（4）短暫動(dòng)詞（即瞬間動(dòng)詞），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,e,arrive,die,marry,finish,plete,begin,start,break out等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.（3）常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。He has been doing the math problems since 8:00. 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：had been doing表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)刻才完成，還將繼續(xù)下去。waitingforwas（1） be + doing 進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)：go, e, start, move, leave, arrive等詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。The meeting starts at five o’clock.三、動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句型）動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)主要是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的應(yīng)用，比較簡(jiǎn)單。She lent me a bike.174。只接不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen.只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)：mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to.意義不同的不定式：stop to do 停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事remember/forget/regret to do（指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生）remember/forget/regret doing（指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）go on to do（接著做另外一件事）go on doing（接著做同一件事）try to do（設(shè)法，努力去做，盡力）try doing（試試去做，看有何結(jié)果）mean to do（打算做，企圖做）mean doing （意思是，意味著）can’t help （to） do（不能幫忙做）can’t help doing（忍不住要做）be considered to have done被認(rèn)為已經(jīng)做了 consider…to be認(rèn)為是 consider doing考慮做某事五、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞通常是語(yǔ)氣的表示，雖然沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，但卻常常在完形填空中出現(xiàn)。A puter can’t think for itself。在含義上must語(yǔ)氣最肯定,may表示的是事實(shí)上的可能性。Michael can’t be a policeman, for he’s much too short.（3）在疑問(wèn)句只能用can，不能用may和must。What shall we do this evening?（2）用于第二、三人稱：警告、命令、允諾、威脅等。I will never do that again.（3）would可表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。He cannot have been to that town.（3）can+主語(yǔ)+ have done：表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的懷疑或不肯定（用在疑問(wèn)句中）。You must have seen the film.You cannot have seen the film.（7）needn’t+ have done：本來(lái)不必要做的而實(shí)際上又做了。If引導(dǎo)的條件句是基礎(chǔ)，在清除記憶了這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)之上，有幾個(gè)難點(diǎn)如下所列：省略if的虛擬條件句、混合虛擬條件句、含蓄虛擬條件句和其它狀語(yǔ)從句等。He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough. You should have e earlier. The bus left a moment ago. 含蓄虛擬條件句：（1）but for+名詞表示虛擬條件But for your timely warning, we must have got into great trouble. You know we’re friends.（2）without+名詞表示虛擬條件Without the air to hold some of the sun39。）（7） 副詞otherwise表示虛擬條件I was too busy at that time. Otherwise, I would have called you.（我當(dāng)時(shí)太忙，否則我就給你打電話了。He talks as if he is drunk．從他談話的樣子來(lái)看他是醉了。I wish I could be a pop singer.I wish I would have gone to Shanghai last month.主語(yǔ)從句在It is necessary / important / strange that…It is suggested / demanded/ ordered / requested that…等從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+ do。）（3）主+謂+間接賓+直接賓I told my friend the good news. （我把好消息告訴了我的朋友。Eitherorsomebodyit.northeNotthetask（不是他們完不成任務(wù)，而是任務(wù)太重了。playingdidn’t（約翰喜歡打籃球，但他昨天沒(méi)打。）（4）因果關(guān)系for, so, thus, therefore, and so。在復(fù)合句中主句是全句的主體，從句是全句的一個(gè)成分，不能獨(dú)立。That he will e and help you is certain.（他來(lái)幫助你是確實(shí)無(wú)疑的。）Who will win the match is still unknown. （誰(shuí)能贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不得而知。）注：主語(yǔ)從句放在句首，句子常顯得笨重，因此一般把它移到句子后面，前面用引導(dǎo)詞“it”來(lái)