教育技術(shù)學(xué)專業(yè)英語重點(diǎn)-wenkub
2023-04-19 00:53:07 本頁面
【正文】 一個測驗(yàn)問題或者填寫一個圖表來測量他們對學(xué)習(xí)材料的掌握程度。他們可以立刻得到正確答案或者補(bǔ)充提示等反饋信息。 Kozma believes that Clark’s view of media as “delivery trucks ” creates an unnecessary schism between medium and methods. From Kozam’s perspective, media has an important role in learning. Different technologies can process or operate on the available symbol systems. 考茲曼把克拉克的媒體觀看做送貨卡車，在媒體和教學(xué)方法之間制造了一個不必要的分裂。 Cognitive science is making a major contribution to our understanding of how humans perceive, elaboration ,metacognition ,automaticity ,expert/ novice studies, and transfer are only a few of the constructs studied by cognitive psychologists that have important implications for the deign of instruction. 認(rèn)知科學(xué)在解釋人類如何感知、加工、存儲和重現(xiàn)信息等方面做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)行為主義的觀點(diǎn)，可以通過系統(tǒng)方法和觀察的方式來研究人的行為，而不用考慮人的內(nèi)部心理狀態(tài)。 However ,even while accepting such behavioristic concepts, cognitive theorists view learning as involving the acquisition or reorganization of the cognitive structures through which humans process and store information. 然而，盡管他們接受行為主義的某些觀點(diǎn)，但是認(rèn)知主義家們 認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)是認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)的獲得和重組即人們加工和存儲信息的過程。建構(gòu)主義認(rèn)為，與行為主義與認(rèn)知主義相比，學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)該是更加積極和自主的。 第6章 ： As it evolved, then, Gagne’s theory of instruction came to prise three ponents: taxonomy of learning outes that defined the types of capabilities humans can and external learning conditions associated with the acquisition of each category of learning events of instruction that each facilitates a specific cognitive process during learning. 隨著理論的不斷完善，加涅的教學(xué)理論逐漸發(fā)展成三部分內(nèi)容：定義人類學(xué)習(xí)能力類型的學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果分類理論。明確學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：通過描述或展示使學(xué)習(xí)者形成對教學(xué)目標(biāo)的期望。 第7章 ： The process of munication: act of human munication begins with a sender, who decides to initiate a message with a specific set of intended meaning sender than encoded the intended meaning by selecting specific words or gestures that the receiver will presumably understand message then transmitted –spoken or writtenas to cross the space between sender and receiver, the individual to whom the message is directed ,attend to and perceives the ining message as a specific pattern of receiver then decode the message by constructing his or her own interpretations of the meaning of the symbols. a result of interpreting the message, the receiver is influenced in some way. That is ,the munication has some ： 1人類溝通的行為開始發(fā)送誰決定觸發(fā)一個信息以具體的目的意義。接受者譯碼信息然后建構(gòu)他或她自己的詮釋的意義符號解釋信息的結(jié)果是，接受者會受到某種方式的影響，也就是，傳播起到了一定的作用。第9章 Instructional science is concerned with the discovery of the natural principles involved in instructional strategi
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