【正文】 的凝固結(jié)晶與相變過(guò)程，與一般的焊接方法相比是沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別的 。 堆焊是用焊接方法在金屬材料或零件表面上熔敷一層有特定 性能的材料的工藝過(guò)程。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)焊接過(guò)程，必須使兩個(gè)被焊的物體接近到原子間的力能夠發(fā)生相互作用的程度。 如何設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè) 結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、加工方便的減速器對(duì)于堆焊機(jī)的發(fā)展有重要意義?？梢灶A(yù)期堆焊技術(shù)將在我國(guó)得到較快的發(fā)展。到自前為止，近 70%中小型軋鋼廠沒(méi)有應(yīng)用這一技術(shù)。用電渣堆焊甚至可在內(nèi)圓齒輪上堆焊合金鋼層。他們依靠自己的力量制造了各種型式的堆焊 機(jī)床 ,并用 MZ一 1000型普通埋弧焊機(jī)改裝成堆焊機(jī)頭 ,氣體保護(hù)避免了空氣的侵入和雜質(zhì)的污染，從而提高堆焊質(zhì)量使消耗降低收到了較好的效益。所以發(fā)展堆焊技術(shù)對(duì)我國(guó)的工業(yè)發(fā)展有重要意義。故設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、加工方便的減速器對(duì)于堆焊機(jī)有重要意義。為了不影響齒輪的工作狀態(tài)，輪芯外表面需堆焊及機(jī)加工，恢復(fù)輪芯外表面及其光潔度?，F(xiàn)在采用輪芯堆焊的方法簡(jiǎn)單易行，而且省錢(qián)、省力、省料、經(jīng)濟(jì)效果也好 大齒輪是由外齒圈、輪芯和鍵組合而成，齒圈為嚙合部分所以采用優(yōu)質(zhì)鋼，輪芯為鑄造件用鍵連接齒輪軸。由于大齒輪的加工難度和工作條件中的很大沖擊力決定著大齒輪輪芯很容易 受到磨損。例如，一般的熱鍛模用 5CrMnMo或 5CrNiMo等合金鋼整體模制造，而我國(guó)有的工廠已成功的應(yīng)用 45Mn2 鑄鋼基體電渣堆焊合金材料來(lái)制造，從而大量節(jié)約了貴重的 Ni、 Mo 等合金元素。 堆焊的應(yīng)用廣泛，它遍及各種機(jī)械使用和制造部門(mén)。 堆焊是焊接的一個(gè)分支，是金屬晶內(nèi)結(jié)合的一種溶化焊接方法，但它與一般的焊接不同，不是為了連接零件，而是用焊接的方法，在零件的表面堆敷一層或數(shù)層具有一定性能材料的工藝過(guò)程。設(shè)計(jì)后的減速器應(yīng)具有容易生產(chǎn)、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、可實(shí)用性、安裝方便 、成本低的特點(diǎn)。本文所設(shè)計(jì)堆焊機(jī)動(dòng)力頭就用于此工序 輪芯堆焊機(jī)主要由動(dòng)力頭、尾架、焊接小車、底座、導(dǎo)軌及控制箱六大部分組成。輪芯與外齒圈無(wú)相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)、無(wú)磨損。 I 目 錄 1 緒論 ............................................................................................................................ 1 2 堆焊簡(jiǎn)介 .................................................................................................................... 4 3 總體方案設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................................ 8 動(dòng)力頭的總體設(shè)計(jì)要求 .................................................................................. 8 動(dòng)力頭的設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................. 8 4 蝸輪蝸桿的傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................. 11 高速級(jí)傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................ 11 低速級(jí) 傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................ 16 5 軸的校核與設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................................... 21 軸的設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................................ 21 輸入軸 ............................................................................................................ 21 輸出軸 ............................................................................................................ 23 中間軸的校核 ................................................................................................ 25 6 滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇及校核計(jì)算 .................................................................................. 32 輸入軸上的軸承 ............................................................................................ 32 輸出軸上的軸承 ............................................................................................ 33 7 鍵連接的選擇及校核計(jì)算 ...................................................................................... 37 8 聯(lián)軸器和箱體的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ...................................................................................... 39 聯(lián)軸器 ............................................................................................................ 39 ................................................................................................................. 41 9 減速器結(jié)構(gòu)與潤(rùn)滑、密封方式的概要說(shuō)明 .......................................................... 43 10 結(jié)論 ........................................................................................................................ 45 參考文獻(xiàn) ...................................................................................................................... 46 致謝 ................................................................................................ 錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書(shū)簽。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)更換外齒圈或維修齒輪軸上零件等情況時(shí)，需要將齒輪解體，此時(shí)外齒圈將從輪芯外表面中被強(qiáng)行拉出，配合面就會(huì)被破壞，齒輪輪芯也容易受到磨損。本文設(shè)計(jì)輪芯堆焊機(jī)動(dòng)力頭，工作重點(diǎn)在于減速器的設(shè)計(jì)。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：輪芯；堆焊；動(dòng)力頭 ；減速器 Wheel center welding machine power head design Abstract ： From outside the ring gear, wheel core and key bination engagement ring is part of it using high quality steel, round core for the casting gear shaft with key the ring and the wheel core by interference fit, with the temperature difference method assembly. Wheel core and outer ring is no relative movement, no wear. When replacement or repair outside the ring gear shaft parts, etc., you need to gear collapse, this time from the outer ring round the outer surface of the core was forcibly pulled out, with the surface will be destroyed, gear wheel core is also easy by wear and tear. In order not to affect the working condition of gears, wheel outer surface of the core needs welding and machining to restore wheel core and the outer surface finish. Within the same round hole injury also used as a core method of welding repair. This power head welding machine is designed to be used for this process This designs the gear of wheel center welding machine, the focus is the design of transmission and shaft. The primary purpose of the work is to meet basic performance, second is on this basis to reduce the size and weight of the gear as much as possible to pact structure and to manufacture esaily. The gear structure of dynamic head has many types, the first to meet the performance of this design is ratio and intensity, the second is considered from the equipment convenient, smaller size, lower cost and so on. After the design the gear should be easy to produce, structure simple, practical, easy installation and low cost. Keywords: wheel center, welding machine, gear, dynamic head. 1 1 緒論 課題的意義 焊接是借助于原子的結(jié)合把兩個(gè)分離的物體聯(lián)合成一個(gè)整體的過(guò)程。其目的在于修復(fù)零件或增加其耐磨、耐熱、耐蝕等方面的性能。 堆焊作為材料表面改性的一種經(jīng)濟(jì)而快速的工藝方法，越來(lái)越廣泛地應(yīng)用于各個(gè)工業(yè)部門(mén)零件的制造修復(fù)中。用堆焊修復(fù)舊件費(fèi)用低、省工、省時(shí)、省材料，還可以縮短制造周期。因?yàn)檩喰镜哪p會(huì)很容易使大齒輪的位置松動(dòng)移動(dòng)位置，從而影響到機(jī)車的正常工作。外齒圈和輪芯采用過(guò)盈配合，用溫差法裝配。同樣輪芯內(nèi)孔損傷也需用堆焊的方法修復(fù)。在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中對(duì)于我們要注重理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際，同時(shí)還要具有相關(guān)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)和制圖的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立思考能力和解決問(wèn)題的能力。 堆焊的方法修復(fù)和制造工件已有三十多年歷史。 在工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中堆焊工件的工藝材料和設(shè)備方面的研究工作 ,都取得了明顯進(jìn)展，不但能修復(fù)舊齒輪且能生產(chǎn)各種復(fù)合材質(zhì)的新工件。隨著堆焊工藝、材料和設(shè)備的不斷發(fā)展和更新堆焊的溶敷效率已由 5~9kg|h 提高到 200kg|h 以