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ef that all conflict is harmful and must be avoided. ? The human relations view The belief that conflict is a natural and inevitable oute in any group. ? The interactionist view The belief that conflict is not only a positive force in a group but that it is absolutely necessary for a group to perform effectively. 2022/2/9 School of Economics and Management,Tongji University 4 傳統(tǒng)的沖突觀點(diǎn)。 2022/2/9 School of Economics and Management,Tongji University 5 沖突的人際關(guān)系觀點(diǎn) ? 認(rèn)為沖突是任何組織無法避免的自然現(xiàn)象 ,不一定給組織帶來不利的影響 , 而且有可能成為有利于組織工作的積極動力 。 ? 意識到?jīng)_突可能有益于組織只是問題的一部分,更重要的是管理者要能夠鑒別建設(shè)性沖突和破壞性沖突的臨界狀態(tài)。 (Tedeschi et al.) 2022/2/9 School of Economics and Management,Tongji University 8 三、沖突的成因 ? 組織活動之相互依賴性 ? 差異性 ? 內(nèi)在機(jī)制的不完善 ? 不良的溝通 2022/2/9 School of Economics and Management,Tongji University 9 組織層次 團(tuán)體層次 團(tuán)體內(nèi)的沖突 團(tuán)體間的沖突 個人層次 四、沖突的種類 2022/2/9 School of Economics and Management,Tongj