殺菌劑毒理學(上)(1)-wenkub
2023-01-27 13:53:06 本頁面
【正文】 nthemi, Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas solanecarum, Xanthomonas campestris. ? Biological control anisms 58 Mode of action Actigard Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance 59 SAR gene expression Classical SAR and other gene expression Pest resistance Gene expression involved in plant growth Increased nutrient uptake Increased photosynthesis Signal amplification receptor harpin Ionexchange Salicylic Acid Pathway Jasmonic Acid Pathway Mode of action Messenger 60 。1,3 Glucanase（葡聚糖酶） ? Systemic accumulation of antimicrobial pounds called phytoalexins（植物抗毒素） . 53 Chitinases ? Chitin is the major ponent of all fungal cell walls except for the Oomycetes ? Chitinases break down fungal cell walls ? Chitinases can break down insect exoskeletons ? Activity is greatly enhanced by Glucanase 54 223。系統(tǒng)性獲得抗病性 (systemic acquired resistance, SAR) 。 ?第二代殺菌劑（ anic chemicals） ?傳統(tǒng)保護劑 (conventional protectants) ?植物藥害 (phytotoxicity) ； ?第三代殺菌劑：內(nèi)吸性殺菌劑（ systemic fungicide ） ?第四代殺菌劑：三環(huán)唑等較早使用的無殺菌毒性化合物。 2 Introduction ?Fungicides are used to eradicate or prevent the undesirable growth of fungal microanism in many agricultural, horticultural, and industrial situations. Introduction ?殺菌劑（ fungicide）： ?殺真菌劑（ fungicide） ?抑真菌劑 (fungistat) ?殺細菌劑（ bactericide） ?殺病毒劑 （ viricides） 4 殺菌劑的發(fā)展 ?第一代殺菌劑（ inanic chemicals） 。 10 Classification according to action ?(b) postinfection curative fungicides which kill (inhibit) the developing mycelium in the plant epidermis. ?(c) Postsymptomatic eradication fungicides which perate and kill the mycelium and new spores. 11 Classification according to action ?保護型殺菌劑 protective fungicide ?鏟除性殺菌劑 eradication fungicide ?治療性殺菌劑 curative fungicide ?內(nèi)吸性殺菌劑 systemic fungicide 12 Toxicity of fungicide ?In general, fungicides are of low to moderate mammalian toxicology, although they are believed to have a higher overall incidence than other pesticides to cause developmental toxicology and oncogenesis. 13 Toxicity of fungicide ?It has, for example, been estimated that more than 80 per cent of all oncogenic risk from the use of pesticides es from a few fungicides. 14 Toxicity of fungicide ?Fungicides usually are responsible for only a small proportion of pesticiderelated deaths, and account for only about 5 per cent or less of human pesticide exposures reported to Poison Control Centers. 15 Toxicity of fungicide ?It has been noted that since fungi differ significantly in morphology and physiology fro
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