【正文】 I bought the guitar． (that引起強(qiáng)調(diào)句 ) It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar． (where 引起定從 ) It was twelve o clock when we arrived there． (when引起時間狀語從句） It was at twelve o clock that we arrived there．（ that 引起強(qiáng)調(diào)句） 3. it， one， that 的區(qū)別：作為代詞，這三個詞的對比使用是高考的熱點之一。 一、 it的用法 1．作人稱代詞 John likes playing Ping pong． / He always does it in the afternoon． (指代上下文提到的事物 )； /It s time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer． / It s very quiet at the moment． (可指時間、天氣、環(huán)境等 ) 2．引導(dǎo)詞 A．作形式主語，代替由不定式、動名詞或從句表示的真正主語。 He will be made captain of the football team. 他將被選為足球隊隊長。另外，這類名詞前用不用冠詞有時與英美英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣有關(guān) 。如： The Smith you‘ re looking for no longer lives here. 4. 用于抽象化的可數(shù)名詞前 有些可數(shù)名詞抽象化后表示表示的活動，其前通常零冠詞。 He sawed the wood into three pieces. 他把木頭鋸成三塊。 2. 用于不可數(shù)名詞前 不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時，其前通常用零冠詞。 In the summer of the year2020 3）用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級前 the first the second 4）用于形容詞前使其名詞化 the rich the poor 5）用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏前，表示―夫婦‖或全家 The Smiths 6）用于樂器名詞前 Play the piano 7）用于 by+the+計量單位名詞 By the pound 1. 用于復(fù)數(shù)名詞前 復(fù)數(shù)名詞泛指某類人或物時，其前通常用零冠詞。 A 用在輔音前，而不是輔音字母前； an 用在元音前，而不是元音字母前。 高一英語語法知識點總結(jié) ：知識點 高一 英語語法 高一英語知識點歸納 高中語法知識點總結(jié) 高一英語的語法知識點 篇一：高中英語語法知識點總結(jié) 高中語法知識點總結(jié) 第一章 冠詞 高考對冠詞的考查集中在基本用法上，主要既反映在對泛指、特指及固定短語 冠詞的考查。 a university in Asia ―任何一個‖ A cat has nine lives. 、某物 I know a John Lennon， but not the famous one. ―一‖ He has a daughter. 4. 表示單位數(shù)量的‖每一‖ I earn 10 dollars an hour. ‖ The two birds are of a color. 6. 用于集體名詞前 He grows up in a large family. 7. 在某種情況下可用于抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前 China has a long history. 二、定冠詞的用法 、宇宙中獨一無二的事物 主要指各種天體及世界上比較有影響的物體。 Students should obey the school rules. 學(xué)生應(yīng)該遵守校規(guī)。如： Bread is made from flour. 面包是用面粉做的。 在通常情況下，專有名詞前要用零冠詞。 Jim has gone to bed. 吉姆已上床睡覺了。如：―住院‖在英國英語中通常說成 in hospital，而在美國英語中則通常說成 in the hospital；類似的還有 go to university (英 )上大學(xué) / go to the university (美 )上大學(xué)； at table (英 )在吃飯 / at the table (美 )在吃飯。 6. 在表示學(xué)科、語言、三餐、月份、季節(jié)、節(jié)假日、星期等名詞前，通常用零冠詞。 It s important for us to learn a second language． / It s no use talking to him． / It s known to all that the earth goes round the sun． B．作形式賓語，代替由不定式、動名詞或從句表示的真正賓語。 — Why don t we take a little break? — Didn t we just have __________? A． itB． that C． one D． this The Parkers bought a new house but _________will need a lot of work before they can move in． A． theyB． it C． one D． which one 用以指代同類事物中的任一， that 特指性強(qiáng)，指代可數(shù)與不可數(shù)詞，而 it指代上文提過的同一事物。 b) 在不定代詞，如： anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little 等作先行詞時，只用 that，不用 which。 舉例： All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油問題。 such 用于名詞之前時 ,具有形容詞性質(zhì)； such單獨使用 (即后面不接 名詞 )時 ,具有代詞性質(zhì)。 same...as/the same as 意為―與 ...同樣的‖ ,和 such 一樣 ,the same 既有形容詞作用 ,又有代詞性質(zhì)。 This is the same watch that I lost 這正是我丟的那塊表。as 是關(guān)系代詞 ,引出定語從句 ,在從句中可作主語 ,賓語和表語。修飾單數(shù)名詞時，意為某個。如： The medicine is on sale every where. You can get it at any chemist?s. 二） . each 與 every 的用法 1. each 強(qiáng)調(diào)個體，表示兩個或兩個以上中的每一個，在句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語和同位語。 【分析】最佳答案是 C， around which were high mountains 是一個 由―介詞 +which‖引出的非限制性定語從句，而在該從句中，主語是 high mountains， around which 是表語，所以句子謂語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù) were，而不是用單數(shù) was。此題選 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞，意為―在附近‖；其后的 where 引導(dǎo)定語從句用以修飾其前的地點名詞 hospital，句意為：附近有沒有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去治我的手傷？ 3. David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 【陷阱】此題容易誤選 A，許多同學(xué)一看到題干中的 such，再聯(lián)系到選項中的 that，便認(rèn)為這是考查 such … that …句式。有的同學(xué)可能還會問，假若選 A，能否將其后的 that 視為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞呢？不能，因為當(dāng)先行詞受到 such 的修飾時，其后的定語從句應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 as 來引導(dǎo)，而不用 that。類似地，以下各題也選 D： (1) His house, for _________ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000. A. that B. it C. them D. which (2) Ashdown forest, through _________ we’ ll be driving, isn’ t a forest any longer. A. that B. it C. them D. which (3) This I did at nine o’ clock, after _________ I sat reading the . that B. it C. them D. which 類似地，以下各題選 whom，不選 them： (4) Gee, with _________ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warmhearted person. A. that B. him C. them D. whom (5) Her sons, both of _________ work abroad, will e back home this summer. A. that B. who C. them D. whom (6) I met the fruitpickers, several of _________ were still university students. A. that B. who C. them D. whom 5. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _________ invited to his wedding. A. whom B. them C. which D. who 【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句。 (2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________ were carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that 答案選 A， none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定語從句，注意與上例比較句中多了一個助動詞 were。與上面一題相似， their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因為空格后的動詞 seated 不是謂語，而是一個過去分詞，因為 seat 作動詞用時，是及物動詞。因為句中有并列連詞 and，整個句子為并列句。 whose parents sat together jokin