【正文】 ，特點(diǎn)是“省略細(xì)節(jié)找主旨”，注重對全文整體內(nèi)容的把握。而其他的個別生詞和介紹性質(zhì)的語句 (如說明時間、地點(diǎn)等的詞匯 )則可以略過。在回答細(xì)節(jié)題目的時候 (也就是我們通常所說的五個“ W”和一個“ H，即What， Who， When， Where， Why， How)，查讀的效率之高就突顯出來了。否則，如果我們不熟悉這種信息的分布特點(diǎn)，那就很難快速地找到所需信息。 3) 綜合步驟 快速閱讀題不僅需要我們通過查讀方法來回答細(xì)節(jié)題，同時也需要我們運(yùn)用略讀方法回答主旨題和推論題。 Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions： In this part， you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1 For questions14， mark Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage； N(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage； NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage． For questions 5l0, plete the sentences with the information given in the passage． Rainforests Tropical rainforests are the most diverse ecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng) )on Earth， and also the oldest． Today, tropical rainforests cover only 6 percent of the Earth’ S ground surface， but they are home to over half of the pla’s plant and animal species． What Is a Rainforest? Generally speaking, a rainforest is an environment that receives high rainfall and is dominated by tall trees. A wide range of ecosystems fall into this category, of course. But most of the time when people talk about rainforests, they mean the tropical rainforests located near the equator. These rainforests receive between 160 and 400 inches of rain per year. The total annual rainfall is spread pretty evenly throughout the year, and the temperature rarely dips below 60 degrees Fahrenheit. This steady climate is due to the position of rainforests on the globe. Because of the orientation of the Earth39。s branches extend upward, spreading out into the canopy, Eventually, the strangler may block so much light from above, and absorb such a high percentage of nutrients from the ground below, that the host tree dies. Competition over nutrients is almost as intense as petition for light. The excessive rainfall rapidly dissolves nutrients in the soil, making it relatively infertile except at the top layers. For this reason, rainforest tree roots grow outward to cover a wider area, rather than downward to lower levels. This makes rainforest trees somewhat unstable, since they don39。 a plant, the seeds pass through their digestive system. By the time they excrete (排泄 ) the seeds, the bird39。s tropical rainforests will be wiped out within 40 years. Questions: 1. Virtually all plant and animal species on Earth can be found in tropical rainforests. 2. There is not much change in the weather in the tropical rainforests all the year round. 3. The largest number of rainforests in the world are located on the African continent. 4. Below the canopy level of a tropical rainforest grows an overabundance of plants. 5. New tree seedlings will not survive to reach the canopy level unless _________. 6. Epiphytes, which form much of the understory of the rainforest, get all their water and nutrients from__________ 7. Stranglers are so called because they ______by blocking for the nutrients. 8. Since rainforest bacteria and trees depend on each other for life, the relationship they form is termed______ 9. Plant species are dispersed over a larger area with the help of _________, 10. As we are still ignorant of millions of unique life forms in the rainforest, deforestation can be pared to the destruction of _______ 對試點(diǎn)樣卷的詳細(xì)解答如下： 1 。 2． Y．細(xì)節(jié)題。 3． NG．推斷題。此題的信息詞是“ canopy”和“ overabundance of plants”。故可以得出“樹冠下并沒有生長著茂密的植被”。 7． kill the host “ the strangler”。 10． an unknown “ deforestation提示我們答案應(yīng)該在本文的小標(biāo)題“ Deforestation”部分。下一題的答案一般都在上一題的答案之后出現(xiàn)。不同類型的考題，可選用不同的閱讀方法找到答案 (見快速閱讀解題步驟 )。特別需要注意的是，推論題經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)原文未提及的內(nèi)容或在原文中找不到依據(jù)。但有些情況，如題目改變單詞詞性或者句子結(jié)構(gòu)作了調(diào)整 (如動詞變形容詞，狀語成分變成定語從等 )，這對我們定位答案并無太大影響，只要確定其在文中的位置，也能獲得答案。 這一點(diǎn)在區(qū)分 N還是 NG時顯得格外重要，考生經(jīng)常在這里失分。在時間有限的壓力下，考生們經(jīng)常會匆匆掠過答案所在的段落，來不及仔細(xì)分析其中的確切含義。 4) 不要過度推斷 過度推斷的情況，大多出現(xiàn)在回答主旨題和推論題的時候。由于我們需要“帶著問題找答案”，所以要靠短期記憶記住題目或題目關(guān)鍵詞，進(jìn)行閱讀。如：邊看邊讀出聲音；邊看邊用筆指著；心里默念；逐字閱讀等。而其他方面無論是選材的特點(diǎn)，文章的長度，出題的思路，解題的技巧都秉承了傳統(tǒng)，考生們還是應(yīng)該根據(jù)歷年的真題，好好復(fù)習(xí)。考題類型一般有細(xì)節(jié)題、主旨題、詞義辨析題和推論題?，F(xiàn)將慣用句式列舉如下： 1)細(xì)節(jié)題 ． Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? All the following statements are mentioned in the passage except that_____________ According to the passage， who(when， where， what， why， etc． )…… ..? 2)主旨題 The major point discussed in the passage is____________ The best title for this passage would be________________ The passage tells us___________ The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to_______ 3)詞義推測題 The phrase“ ………… .” most probably means__________ The phrase“ ………… ..” in the context means___________ The word“ …………… ” in Line X refers to_____________ Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence“ ………… ” ? 4)推論題 It can be inferred／ indicated from the passage that___________ It can be concluded from the passage that___________________ What is the author’s attitude towards the……… .? The example of…………is given to illustrate tha t____________ 在了解完題型分類之后，我們就要弄清做題順序。 ， b．回答主旨題。這些關(guān)鍵詞有助于我們找到所需信息在文中的位置，完成細(xì)節(jié)題和詞義推測題。從樣題看，篇章選詞題在一篇長度為 250— 300個單詞左右的文章當(dāng)中去除了 10個單詞，后面提供15個單詞選項，要求考生選擇正確的單詞填入文章。但是，很大程度上不同于完型填空的是，篇章詞匯題側(cè)重對短文的整體把握，側(cè)重句子層次上實(shí)詞的運(yùn)用 (包括句子內(nèi)、句子之間和段落層次間 )，而非單詞層次上的理解 (如詞義、語法等細(xì)節(jié)上的區(qū)分 )?？梢宰裱韵虏襟E： 1)答題前： a．略讀全文，抓住文章的主題