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ess ? Transportation ? Location ? Quality ? Process Design ? Product Design ? Capacity ? Quality By Tom Davis 169。 1999 Andersen Consulting 1 Order Response Time Product Availability Lead Time Order Changes Due Date Performance Resource Investment Asset Productivity Inventory Supplier amp。 Capacity Contracts Level of Service Cost of Service The Business Challenges : ; :; : 169。Andersen Consulting 1998 5 Supply Channel Orders Actual Launch Real Shortage Returns/ Cancellations OverSupply Channel Fill and Phantom Demand Target Launch End of Life True End Customer Demand Units Per Period Time Multiple forecasts and unreliable fulfillment today create the bullwhip effect. 169。 Behaviors— Purchasing Ma