【正文】 單據(jù)不符是信用證支付方式下一種極為普遍的現(xiàn)象，從 1993年修訂的 《 跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例 》 的前言可以看出： “ 一些調(diào)查表明，大約 5％跟單信用證下的單據(jù)因與信用證不符或表面不符而被拒付，這降低了跟單信用證的效力，對(duì)參與有關(guān)產(chǎn)品交易的各方產(chǎn)生財(cái)務(wù)影響，增加了成本，減少了進(jìn)口商、出口商和銀行的利潤(rùn)。由于未能正確地運(yùn)用這些條文，其結(jié)果嚴(yán)重防礙了按照 UCP500開(kāi)立的跟單信用證的使用。 跟單信用證法律實(shí)務(wù) 廈門(mén)大學(xué)法學(xué)院 肖偉 20xx 年 5 月 2020/7/5 Yuqiang Copyright Reserved 2 主要內(nèi)容 ? UCP600與 UCP500的比較分析 ? UCP600實(shí)施中的法律實(shí)務(wù) ? 最高法院司法解釋評(píng)析 ? 最高法院司法解釋法律實(shí)務(wù) 2020/7/5 Yuqiang Copyright Reserved 3 UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過(guò)程 ? 《 信用證統(tǒng)一慣例 》 修訂進(jìn)程的 “ 十年之癢 ” —— ? 1933年國(guó)際商會(huì)第 82號(hào)出版物 ? 1952年國(guó)際商會(huì)第 151號(hào)出版物 ? 1962年國(guó)際商會(huì)第 222號(hào)出版物 ? 1973年國(guó)際商會(huì)第 290號(hào)出版物 ? 1983年國(guó)際商會(huì)第 400號(hào)出版物 ? 1993年國(guó)際商會(huì)第 500號(hào)出版物（仍在實(shí)施中） ? 20xx年國(guó)際商會(huì)第 600號(hào)出版物（計(jì)劃于 20xx年 7月實(shí)施） 2020/7/5 Yuqiang Copyright Reserved 4 UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過(guò)程 ? UCP600修訂的背景 ? 自 UCP500生效以來(lái)，銀行實(shí)務(wù)中圍繞 500產(chǎn)生的爭(zhēng)議層出不窮 *。（ Charles del Bush— Chairman, ICC Commission on Banking Technique and Practice. Adopted from Foreword of Position Paper 1,2,3,4） 2020/7/5 Yuqiang Copyright Reserved 5 UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過(guò)程 ? 在 20xx年 4月的 ICC銀行委員會(huì)會(huì)議上，各國(guó)代表對(duì)何時(shí)、如何修訂 UCP500未達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn)（我國(guó)贊成立即開(kāi)始修訂），但一致同意先對(duì)產(chǎn)生最多爭(zhēng)議的七個(gè)條款進(jìn)行評(píng)議。有關(guān)跟單信用證的訴訟案激增也引起了人們極大的關(guān)注。 ? 從 A組到 G組分類(lèi)的模塊式組合到流水式條款 ? 通俗易懂、簡(jiǎn)約化的措辭 ? Nominated bank means the bank authorized in the credit to honour or negotiate or, in the case of a freely available credit, any bank. (UCP Draft June) ? Nominated bank means the bank with which the credit is available or any bank in the case of a credit available with any bank. (UCP Final Version) 2020/7/5 Yuqiang Copyright Reserved 15 UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過(guò)程 ? THIRD STEPCOOPERATION： ? 建立穩(wěn)定的三級(jí)合作機(jī)制 ? This revision of the UCP represents the culmination of over three years of extensive analysis, review, debate and promise amongst the various members of the Drafting Group, the members of the Banking Commission and the respective ICC national mittees. ——From Gary Collyer 2020/7/5 Yuqiang Copyright Reserved 16 UCP600與 UCP500的比較分析 ? Advising bank ? Applicant ? Banking day ? Beneficiary ? Complying presentation ? Confirmation ? Confirming bank ? Credit ? Honour ? Issuing bank ? Negotiation ? Nominated bank ? Presentation ? Presenter 第一次系統(tǒng)地對(duì)有關(guān)信用證的 14個(gè)概念進(jìn)行了定義 2020/7/5 Yuqiang Copyright Reserved 17 UCP600與 UCP500的比較分析 ? Article 2 Definitions ? For the purpose of these rules: ? Advising bank means the bank that advises the credit at the request of the issuing bank. ? Applicant means the party on whose request the credit is issued. 2020/7/5 Yuqiang Copyright Reserved 18 UCP600與 UCP500的比較分析 ? Banking day means a day on which a bank is regularly open at the place at which an act subject to these rules is to be performed. ? Beneficiary means the party in whose favour a credit is issued. 2020/7/5 Yuqiang Copyright Reserved 19 UCP600與 UCP500的比較分析 ? Complying presentation means a presentation that is in accordance with the terms and conditions of the credit, the applicable provisions of these rules and international standard banking practice. ? Confirmation means a definite undertaking of the confirming bank, in addition to that of the issuing bank, to honour or negotiate a plying presentation. 2020/7/5 Yuqiang Copyright Reserved 20 UCP600與 UCP500的比較分析 ? Confirming bank means the bank that adds its confirmation to a credit upon the issuing bank’s authorization or request. ? Credit means any arrangement, however named or described, that is irrevocable and thereby constitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank to honour a plying presentation. 2020/7/5 Yuqiang Copyright Reserved 21 UCP600與 UCP500的比較分析 ? Honour means: ? pay at sight if the credit is available by sight payment. ? incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity if the credit is available by deferred payment. ? accept a bill of exchange (“draft”) drawn by the beneficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance. 2020/7/5 Yuqiang Copyright Reserved 22 UCP600與 UCP500的比較分析 ? Honour means: ? pay at sight if the credit is available by sight payment. ? incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity if the credit is available by deferred payment. ? accept a bill of exchange (“draft”) drawn by the beneficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance. 2020/7/5 Yuqiang Copyright Reserved 23 ? Article 19. BanktoBank Reimbursement Arrangements ? a. If an Issuing Bank intends that the reimbursement to which a paying, accepting or negotiating bank is entitled, shall be obtained by such bank (the Claiming Bank), claiming on another party ( theReimbursing Bank), it shall provide such Reimbursing Bank in good time with the proper instructions or authorization to honour such reimbursement claims. (UCP500) ? 第十九條 銀行間的償付約定 ? a．開(kāi)證行如欲通過(guò)另一銀行（償付行）對(duì)付款行、承兌行或議付行（均稱(chēng) “ 索償行 ” ）履行償付時(shí)，開(kāi)證行應(yīng)及時(shí)向償付行發(fā)出對(duì)此類(lèi)索償 予以?xún)敻?的適當(dāng)指示或授權(quán)。 崇拜 ? 【 商 】 承兌 。making immediate payment39。vis the beneficiary was to be excluded if it had not expressed a reservation when making its payment. As to the latter credits ( available through negotiation), the advising bank always had a right of recourse, unless it had confirmed the credit”.） 2020/7/5 Yuqiang Copyright Reserved 31 UCP600與 UCP500的比較分析 ICC Publication R259： 議付的追索權(quán) ? 銀行提供議付時(shí)所要求的條件，即是否保留追索權(quán)，不能由 ICC來(lái)裁定。 2020/7/5 Yuqiang Copyright Reserved 32 ? 議付定義的演變 ? UCP500： Negotiation means the giving of value for Draft(s) and/or document(s) by the bank authorized to negotiate. Mere examination of the documents without giving of value does not constitute a negotiation. ? UCP600： Negotiation means the purchase by the nominated bank of drafts (drawn on a bank other than the nominated bank) and/or documents under a plying presentation, by advancing or agreeing to advance funds to the beneficiary on or before the banking day on