【正文】 dvising bank can act as the negotiating bank.) 2022/6/3 Further Operation of an L/C Further Operation of an L/C ?6. After making payment, the negotiating bank send the shipping documents to the issuing bank and at the same time asks for the reimbursement (付還 ) of the money it has paid to the seller as proceeds. 2022/6/3 Further Operation of an L/C ?7. The buyer reimburses the payment by the issuing bank and gets from it the shipping documents. ?8. The buyer finally takes delivery with the shipping documents. 2022/6/3 ? If the importers wish to guarantee payment of the L/C, they will ask their banker to issue an irrevocable （不可撤銷的） one. An irrevocable L/C is one which the issuing bank can not revoke without consent from the exporter. This means the credit cannot be exchanged without the exporters’ and bankers’ agreement. irrevocable L/C 2022/6/3 Documentary Letter of Credit the beneficiary should attach all shipping documents required. 2022/6/3 Documentary Letter of Credit ?If, in addition, the importers want the advising bank in the sellers’ country to guarantee the L/C, they will request confirmation by the advising bank. The L/C then bees a confirmed irrevocable L/C (保兌的不可撤消的信用證 ). 2022/6/3 Confriming bank (保兌銀行 ) ? When an L/C is confirmed by another bank in addition to the issuing bank, both the two banks are responsible for the payment to the beneficiary. This doublegurantee L/C is the safest protection of the exporter’s interest. In usual practice the confirming bank is th advising bank or a bank with very high reputation. 2022/6/3 Documentary Letter of Credit ?Use of documentary credits is subject to Uniform Customs and Practice (UCP) for documentary credits (跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例 ), brochure of the .（ International Chamber of Commerce 國際商會 . Most banks worldwide adhere to these rules. 2022/6/3 All letters of credit contain these elements: ? a payment undertaking given by a bank (issuing bank) ? on behalf of a buyer (applicant) ? to pay a seller (beneficiary) a given amount of money ? on presentation of specified documents representing the supply of goods ? within specified time limits ? these documents conforming to terms and conditions set out in the letter of credit ? documents to be presented at a specified place 2022/6/3 Sample Letter of Credit 2022/6/3 Buyer’s obligation ?When a transaction is concluded, the buyer as a rule is under obligation to establish / open (開立 ) a letter of credit whit his bank within the time stipulated in the sales contract or sales confirmation. 2022/6/3 Buyer’s obligation ?It is the usual practice in our export trade that the letter of credit is to be established and to reach the seller one month prior to the date of shipment to give the seller ample time to make preparations for shipment, such as making the goods ready and booking shipping space. 2022/6/3 The need to urge establishment of L/C ? If the buyer fails to establish the letter of credit, or the letter of credit does not reach the seller in time, a letter or a fax, has to be sent to the buyer to urge them to expedite the L/C or to ascertain its whereabouts. Messages urging establishment of letter of credit must be written with tact. Their aim is to persuade the buyer to cooperate more closely and in fact to fulfill his obligations 2022/6/3 Difficult Words ?expedite: to speed up the progress of加速 . The builders promised to expedite the 。 2022/6/3 Patterns and Substitutions ?3. With reference to our Sales Confirmation No. 7904 of March 12, 2022, we regret to say that your letter of credit has not yet reached us to the time of writing. 關(guān)于我方 2022年 3月 12日第 7904號銷售確認(rèn)書，我們很遺憾地告知你方，直到寫這封信時信用證還未收到。 2022/6/3 Patterns and Substitutions ?6. Your delay in opening the L/C has caused us much inconvenience as we have already made preparations for shipment according to the stipulations of the said Sales Confirmation. 你方開證的耽擱給我們造成諸多不便，因為我們已經(jīng)按照上述銷售確認(rèn)書的規(guī)定做好了裝運(yùn)準(zhǔn)備。 （ 2）將有效期展至 6月 15日。 2022/6/3 Patterns and Substitutions ? 12. Your Letter of Credit No. 660 stipulates 60 days after sight, whereas our contract shows 30 days after sight, so you are requested to make necessary amendment to the L/C and advise us before December 3. 你方信用證第 660號規(guī)定 60天期票，而合同規(guī)定30天期票。請將 44779號信用證交貨期和有效期分別展至 4月 30日和 5月 15日。 ? 期望早日收到貴方訂貨單。 2022/6/3 Sampe 3 ? Dear Sir or Madam: ? We