【正文】 ooks. ? ⑦ I am afraid that if you39?！百e補”一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。 ? fet to do表示“未發(fā)生的動作”，fet doing表示“已完成的動作”。 賓語種類 ： （ 1）雙賓語（間接賓語 +直接賓語）Lend me your dictionary. （ 2）復合賓語（賓語 +賓補） They elected him their monitor. 2021/6/16 20 賓語 ? 賓語（ Object）表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。 ? 如： Still water runs deep. ? 靜水深流。s such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly. ? 今天太熱了，菜都餿了。 顏色、天氣大不同 turn；Get\ bee口語化，如果要說就用它 . ? 口訣解讀： ? Come 一般表示事物由壞變好，結果是好的。 ? 表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、 副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表語從句表示。如： We are students. 注意：謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。謂語的構成如下： ? 簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。 2021/6/16 6 the 1990s, American country music has bee more and more popular. often speak English in class. of the students in this class are girls. swim in the river is a great pleasure. does harm to the health. rich should help the poor. （名詞） （代詞） （數(shù)詞） （不定式） （動名詞） （名詞化的形容詞） 2021/6/16 7 we are going to have an English test has not been decided. is necessary to master a foreign language. （主語從句） （ it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式） 2021/6/16 8 ? 句子成分練習題 ( 一 ) ? (一 ). 指出下列句中主語的中心詞（ 4分， 4分鐘） ? ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ? ② There is an old man ing here. ? ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ? ④ To do today39。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結構的基礎。2021/6/16 1 英語語法 句子成分 和 基本句型 2021/6/16 2 2021/6/16 3 什么是句子？ 句子是由詞按照一定的語法結構組成的，是能表達一個完整概念的語言單位．句子的第一個字母必須 大寫 ，結尾要有 ．？ ！ I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! 2021/6/16 4 現(xiàn)代漢語里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語。 句子包括哪些成分？ 2021/6/16 5 (Subject)： 主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，常位于句首。s homework without the teacher39。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 2021/6/16 10 謂語 ? 復合謂語： （ 1）由情態(tài)動詞加動詞原形構成。 2021/6/16 11 ? 1. Tom didn39。例如： 2021/6/16 13 teacher of English is an American. （名詞） it yours? （代詞） weather has turned cold. （形容詞） speech is exciting. （分詞） times seven is twenty one? （數(shù)詞） 2021/6/16 14 job is to teach English. （不定式） hobby is playing football. （動名詞） meeting is of great importance. （介詞短語） is up. The class is over. （副詞） truth is that he has never been abroad. （表語從句） 2021/6/16 15 挑出下列句中的表語 ① The old man was feeling very tired. ? ② Why is he worried about Jim? ? ③ The leaves have turned yellow. ? ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject. ? ⑤ She was the first to learn about it. 2021/6/16 16 ? 在系動詞后的部分就是表語 ? 常見的系動詞有 : ? be(am,is,are,were,was) ? 狀態(tài)： seem, appear, prove ? 感官： smell, feel, taste, sound, look ? 變化： bee, get, turn, go, e, grow ? 持續(xù)： remain, stay, keep, 2021/6/16 17 ? I. 常用作連系動詞： ? ① 變成 ,變得： bee, e, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn ? 口訣 ：好是 e，壞是 go。 ? 如： Dreams e true. ? 夢想成真。 2021/6/16 18 ? Grow 表示逐漸變化，強調的是緩慢變化的過程，后面往往接表示天氣或外貌變化的靜態(tài)形容詞。 ? Turn多接表示顏色和天氣的形容詞，側重于表達與之前大不相同。例如： is doing his homework. heavy rain prevented me from ing to school on time. many dictionaries do you have? I have five. （名詞） （代詞、動名詞） （名詞、數(shù)詞） 2021/6/16 21 helped the old with their housework yesterday. pretended not to see me. enjoy listening to popular music. think（ that） he is fit for his office. （名詞化形容詞，名詞） （不定式短語 ） （動名詞短語） （賓語從句） 2021/6/16 22 ? 賓語種類 ： ? （ 1）雙賓語（間接賓語 +直接賓語），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等 ， “七給”一“帶” to不少 例如： He sent the novel to William yesterday. For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如： She bought a gift for her mother. ? （ 2）復合賓語（賓語 +賓補），例如： ? They elected him their monitor. 2021/6/16 23 ? 下列動詞只能接不定式做賓語 ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等，如： He refused to lend me his bike. 2021/6/16 24 ? 下列動詞只能接動名詞做賓語 admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等，如： John has admitted breaking the window . 2021/6/16 25 ? (三 ) 挑出下列句中的賓語 ? ① My brother hasn39。如： ? Don39。例如： 2021/6/16 29 father named him Xiaoming. painted their boat white. the fresh air in. mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. saw her entering the room. found everything in the lab in good order. will soon make our city what your city is now. （名詞） （形容詞） （副詞） （不定式短語） （現(xiàn)在分詞） （介詞短語） （從句） 2021/6/16 30 賓語補足語 ? 在英語中，有些句子只有賓語并不能表達完整的意思，還必須在賓語后面家上賓語補足語才能表達完整的意思． 它起補充說明賓語干什么，怎么樣的作用． ? 它可以由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞充當． ? If you let me go, I’ll make you king. ? Leave the door open. ?We found John out when we arrived. ? Make yourself at home. ? I saw him enter the hall. ? The boss keeps them working all day. ? I heard my name called. 2021/6/16 31 挑出下列句中的賓語補足語 ? ① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the readingroom. ? ② He asked her to take the boy out of school. ? ③ She found it difficult to do the work. ? ④ They call me Lily sometimes. ? ⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. ? ⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? 2021/6/16 32 主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)后 ,賓語補足語變成主補 . I last saw him playing near the river. → He was last seen playing near the river. The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam → The student was caught cheating in the exam We made him monitor. → He was made monitor. He pushed the door open. →The door was pushed open. 2021/6/16 33 定語 ? 修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attribute)。ve lost it