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2021/6/16 28 S │V(及物) │ O(賓語(yǔ)) │ C(賓補(bǔ)) 名詞 /代詞賓格 + 名詞 The war| made| him |a soldier./戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使他成為一名戰(zhàn)士 . 名詞 /代詞賓格 + 形容詞 New methods |make |the job| easy./新方法使這項(xiàng)工作變得輕松 . 名詞 /代詞賓格 + 介詞短語(yǔ) I |often find| him |at work./我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)他在工作 . 名詞 /代詞賓格 + 動(dòng)詞不定式 The teacher| ask |the students |to close the windows./老師讓學(xué)生們關(guān)上窗戶 . 名詞 /代詞賓格 + 分詞 I |saw |a cat |running across the road./我看見一只貓跑過(guò)了馬路 . 2021/6/16 29 用 it 做形式賓語(yǔ),而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放到賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的后面,以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,是英語(yǔ)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。 Mr Johnson taught us German last year. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. Would you please pass me the dictionary? He showed the ticket to the conductor. 2021/6/16 26 鞏固練習(xí): 5.我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎? 6.新式機(jī)器將會(huì)為你節(jié)省許多勞動(dòng)。 常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:(需借助 to的) bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等; (需借助 for 的) buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。 6. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我開機(jī)器。 2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她給丈夫煮了一頓美餐。 7. Jim 還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。 3.這本書他讀過(guò)多次了。 6. He │said │Good morning. 他說(shuō): 早上好! 7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 6. This box weighs five kilos. lived in Beijing five years ago. autumn, some birds fly to the south. 9. My grandfather gets up early in the morning. afternoon a lot of students e to the library to borrow books. 2021/6/16 19 基本句型 三: S V O (主+謂+賓) 構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)的代詞必須是‘代詞賓格’,如: me, him,them等 S │V(及物動(dòng)詞) │ O 1. Who │knows │the answer? 誰(shuí)知道答案? 2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感謝。 7.五年前我住在北京。 2.會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 4. Who │cares? 管它呢? 5. What he said │does not matter. 他所講的沒(méi)有什么關(guān)系。這類動(dòng)詞叫做 不及物動(dòng)詞 ,后面可以跟 副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句 等。 2021/6/16 15 基本句型 二:S V (主+謂) 主語(yǔ) :可以作主語(yǔ)的成分有 名詞 (如 boy), 主格代詞 (如 you), 動(dòng)詞不定式 , 動(dòng)名詞 等。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看來(lái)都不同了。掌握這五種基本句型,是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。2021/6/16 1 高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí) 句子成分 和 基本句型 2021/6/16 2 2021/6/16 3 什么是句子? 句子是由詞按照一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的,是能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整概念的語(yǔ)言單位.句子的第一個(gè)字母必須 大寫 ,結(jié)尾要有 .? ! I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! 2021/6/16 4 現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)里一般的句子成分有六種,即主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。 句子包括哪些成分? 2021/6/16 5 ? 1. 主語(yǔ): 主語(yǔ)是在句子中說(shuō)明全句中心主題的部分.一般由名詞,代詞,不定式,動(dòng)名詞或從句充當(dāng).它的位置一般在句首. The girl is beautiful. They are good friends. To see is to believe. Reading is useful. What he said is right. . 2021/6/16 6 謂語(yǔ): ? 謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么,是什么,怎么樣,由簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成. They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. 2021/6/16 7 表語(yǔ): ? 表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么,或者怎么樣,由名詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語(yǔ),不定式,動(dòng)名詞,短語(yǔ),或者從句充當(dāng).表語(yǔ)位于系動(dòng)詞后面. I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing. 2021/6/16 8 賓語(yǔ) ? 賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作,行為的對(duì)象,由名詞,代詞,短語(yǔ),不定式,動(dòng)名詞,從句充當(dāng).它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做了什么,在謂語(yǔ)之后. She plays the piano. He often helps me. I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon. I think that he is good guy. 2021/6/16 9 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) ? 在英語(yǔ)中,有些句子只有賓語(yǔ)并不能表達(dá)完整的意思,還必須在賓語(yǔ)后面家上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思. 它起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)干什么,怎么樣的作用. ? 它可以由名詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語(yǔ),不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng). ? If you let me go, I’ ll make you king. ? Leave the door open. ?We found John out when we arrived. ? Make yourself at home. ? I saw him enter the hall. ? The boss keeps them working all day. ? I heard my name called. 2021/6/16 10 狀語(yǔ) ? 狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞或副詞.它表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),目的,方式,程度.一般由副詞,介詞短語(yǔ),不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng),也可由從句來(lái)充當(dāng). He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’ t work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. He is writing with a pen. 2021/6/16 11 定語(yǔ) ? 定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞.形容詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,名詞,介詞短語(yǔ),不定式,動(dòng)名詞,分詞,從句都可以充當(dāng)定語(yǔ). ? The black bike is mine. ? What’ s your name? A broken vase. ? I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. ? They made paper flowers. ? The boy in the room is Jack. ? I have something to do. ? It is a swimming pool. 2021/6/16 12 2021/6/16 13 種類 類型 主語(yǔ)S 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 v 表語(yǔ) /賓語(yǔ) p 賓語(yǔ) 0 賓補(bǔ)oc 第 1種 S+V We work 第2種 S+V+0 He plays violin. 第3種 S+v+p We are students 第4種 S+v+IO+DO she gave me a pen. 第5種 S+V+O+OC He made me laugh 2021/6/16 14 基本句型 一: S V P (主+系+表) S │V(是系動(dòng)詞) │ P 1. This │is │an EnglishChinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典。 5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他長(zhǎng)得又高又壯 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X。主語(yǔ)一般在 句首 。 S │ V (不及物動(dòng)詞) 1. The sun │was shining. 太陽(yáng)在照耀著。 6. The pen │writes smoothly 這支筆書寫流利。 3.在過(guò)去的十年里我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化 . 4. 1919年,在北京爆發(fā)了 “ 五 .四 ” 運(yùn)動(dòng)。 8.秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。 3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒絕幫他們。