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2021/6/16 28 S │V(及物) │ O(賓語) │ C(賓補) 名詞 /代詞賓格 + 名詞 The war| made| him |a soldier./戰(zhàn)爭使他成為一名戰(zhàn)士 . 名詞 /代詞賓格 + 形容詞 New methods |make |the job| easy./新方法使這項工作變得輕松 . 名詞 /代詞賓格 + 介詞短語 I |often find| him |at work./我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)他在工作 . 名詞 /代詞賓格 + 動詞不定式 The teacher| ask |the students |to close the windows./老師讓學(xué)生們關(guān)上窗戶 . 名詞 /代詞賓格 + 分詞 I |saw |a cat |running across the road./我看見一只貓跑過了馬路 . 2021/6/16 29 用 it 做形式賓語,而將真正的賓語放到賓語補足語的后面,以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,是英語常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。 Mr Johnson taught us German last year. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. Would you please pass me the dictionary? He showed the ticket to the conductor. 2021/6/16 26 鞏固練習(xí): 5.我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎? 6.新式機器將會為你節(jié)省許多勞動。 常跟雙賓語的動詞有:(需借助 to的) bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等; (需借助 for 的) buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。 6. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我開機器。 2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她給丈夫煮了一頓美餐。 7. Jim 還不會自己穿衣服。 3.這本書他讀過多次了。 6. He │said │Good morning. 他說: 早上好! 7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 6. This box weighs five kilos. lived in Beijing five years ago. autumn, some birds fly to the south. 9. My grandfather gets up early in the morning. afternoon a lot of students e to the library to borrow books. 2021/6/16 19 基本句型 三: S V O (主+謂+賓) 構(gòu)成賓語的代詞必須是‘代詞賓格’,如: me, him,them等 S │V(及物動詞) │ O 1. Who │knows │the answer? 誰知道答案? 2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感謝。 7.五年前我住在北京。 2.會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。 4. Who │cares? 管它呢? 5. What he said │does not matter. 他所講的沒有什么關(guān)系。這類動詞叫做 不及物動詞 ,后面可以跟 副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句 等。 2021/6/16 15 基本句型 二:S V (主+謂) 主語 :可以作主語的成分有 名詞 (如 boy), 主格代詞 (如 you), 動詞不定式 , 動名詞 等。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看來都不同了。掌握這五種基本句型,是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。2021/6/16 1 高中英語語法總復(fù)習(xí) 句子成分 和 基本句型 2021/6/16 2 2021/6/16 3 什么是句子? 句子是由詞按照一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的,是能表達一個完整概念的語言單位.句子的第一個字母必須 大寫 ,結(jié)尾要有 .? ! I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! 2021/6/16 4 現(xiàn)代漢語里一般的句子成分有六種,即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語。 句子包括哪些成分? 2021/6/16 5 ? 1. 主語: 主語是在句子中說明全句中心主題的部分.一般由名詞,代詞,不定式,動名詞或從句充當(dāng).它的位置一般在句首. The girl is beautiful. They are good friends. To see is to believe. Reading is useful. What he said is right. . 2021/6/16 6 謂語: ? 謂語說明主語做什么,是什么,怎么樣,由簡單動詞或者動詞短語構(gòu)成. They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. 2021/6/16 7 表語: ? 表語說明主語是什么,或者怎么樣,由名詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語,不定式,動名詞,短語,或者從句充當(dāng).表語位于系動詞后面. I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing. 2021/6/16 8 賓語 ? 賓語是動作,行為的對象,由名詞,代詞,短語,不定式,動名詞,從句充當(dāng).它和及物動詞一起說明主語做了什么,在謂語之后. She plays the piano. He often helps me. I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon. I think that he is good guy. 2021/6/16 9 賓語補足語 ? 在英語中,有些句子只有賓語并不能表達完整的意思,還必須在賓語后面家上賓語補足語才能表達完整的意思. 它起補充說明賓語干什么,怎么樣的作用. ? 它可以由名詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語,不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞充當(dāng). ? If you let me go, I’ ll make you king. ? Leave the door open. ?We found John out when we arrived. ? Make yourself at home. ? I saw him enter the hall. ? The boss keeps them working all day. ? I heard my name called. 2021/6/16 10 狀語 ? 狀語用來修飾動詞,形容詞或副詞.它表示行為發(fā)生的時間,地點,目的,方式,程度.一般由副詞,介詞短語,不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語充當(dāng),也可由從句來充當(dāng). He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’ t work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. He is writing with a pen. 2021/6/16 11 定語 ? 定語用來修飾名詞或代詞.形容詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,名詞,介詞短語,不定式,動名詞,分詞,從句都可以充當(dāng)定語. ? The black bike is mine. ? What’ s your name? A broken vase. ? I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. ? They made paper flowers. ? The boy in the room is Jack. ? I have something to do. ? It is a swimming pool. 2021/6/16 12 2021/6/16 13 種類 類型 主語S 謂語動詞 v 表語 /賓語 p 賓語 0 賓補oc 第 1種 S+V We work 第2種 S+V+0 He plays violin. 第3種 S+v+p We are students 第4種 S+v+IO+DO she gave me a pen. 第5種 S+V+O+OC He made me laugh 2021/6/16 14 基本句型 一: S V P (主+系+表) S │V(是系動詞) │ P 1. This │is │an EnglishChinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典。 5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他長得又高又壯 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X。主語一般在 句首 。 S │ V (不及物動詞) 1. The sun │was shining. 太陽在照耀著。 6. The pen │writes smoothly 這支筆書寫流利。 3.在過去的十年里我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化 . 4. 1919年,在北京爆發(fā)了 “ 五 .四 ” 運動。 8.秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。 3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒絕幫他們。