【正文】 ng. As tim e went by, he began m aki ng fil m s. H e grew more and m ore popul ar as hi s charmi ng character, the li ttl e tram p, becam e known throughout the worl d. The tram p, a poor, hom el ess man wi th a m oustache, wore l arge trousers, wornout shoes and a sm al l round black hat. H e wal ked around sti ffly carryi ng a wal ki ng sti ck. Thi s character was a soci al fai lure but was l oved for hi s optim i sm and determ i nati on to overe al l diffi cul ti es. H e was the underdog who was ki nd even when others were unki nd to him . H ow di d the l ittl e tram p m ake a sad si tuati on entertaini ng? H ere i s an exam pl e from one of hi s most famous fil ms, The Gol d Rush. It i s the mi dni eenth century and gol d has just been di scovered i n Cal i forni a. Li ke so many others, the l i tl e tram p and hi s fri end have rushed there i n search of gol d, but wi thout success. Instead they are hi di ng i n a sm al l hut on the edge of a m ountai n during a snowstorm wi th nothing to eat. They are so hungry that they try boil ng a pai r of l eather shoes for thei r di nner. Charli e fi rst pi cks out the l aces and eats them as if they were spaghetti . Then he cuts off the l eather top of the shoes as i f it were the fi nest steak. Fi nal y he tri es cutti ng and chewi ng the bottom of the shoe. H e eats each m outhful wi th great enjoym ent. The acti ng i s so convi nci ng that i t m akes you bel i eve that i t i s one of the best m eal s he has ever tasted! Charl i e Chapl i n wrote, di rected and produced the fil m s the starred i n. In 1972 he was gi ven a speci al O scar for hi s outstandi ng work i n fi lm s. H e l ived i n Engl and and the USA but spend hi s l ast years i n Swi tzerl and, where he was buried i n 1977. H e is l oved and rem em bered as a great actor who coul d i nspi re people with great confi dence. AN APRI L FOOL’S JOKE: THE NOODLE HARVEST April Fool’s day, or April 1st, i s known i n many countri es as a day for playi ng jokes on others. It is usual y a tim e when chil dren m ake fun of each other, but som eti m es other peopl e can get caught in the fun too. O ne of the m ost fam ous jokes i n England took pl ace on Bri ti sh tel evisi on in 1957. It was a Monday ni ght when there were al ways many seri ous programm es on the tel evi si on. O ne of them was cal led Panoram a, thi s show expl ored probl em s and progress al over the worl d, so nobody was surpri sed when i t began with a report on the excel l ent noodl e harvest i n the south Swi tzerl and. The program m e m enti oned two reasons for the good crop: an unusual y warm winter and the di sappearance of the i nsect that attacked the noodl e crop every year. The reporter showed m any nodl e trees with the farm ers pul i ng noodl es off them and puti ng them i nto baskets. The peopl e watchi ng were tol d that they m ay not have heard of noodles from thi s part of the worl d because noodl es were grown as part of sm al l fam il y businesses. The programm e m akers makers real i zed that peopl e mi ght wonder why noodl es were al ways the sam e si ze so that they expl ai ned that “it was the resul t of many years’ patient research with the tree to produce noodl es of exactl y the same l ength. ” But even so they expl ained, the life of a noodl e farmer was not easy. “The l ast two weeks of March are an anxious ti m e for noodl e farm ers. There i s al ways a chance of very cold weather spoil i ng thei r crop. Then heal th. What are som e of the probl ems caused by chem ical fertil i zers? Fi rst, they damage the l and by ki l i ng the hel pful bacteria and pests as wel l as the harmful ones. Chemi cal s al so stay i n the ground and underground water for a l onog tim e. Thi s affects crops and, therefore, anim al s and hum ans, si nce chemi cal s get i nsi de the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chem i cal s i n the food suppl y buil d up i n peopl e’s bodi es over tim e. Many of these chemi cal s can l ead to cancer or other il lnesses. In addi ti on, frui t, vegetabl es and other food grown wi th chemi cal fertil zers usual l y grow too fast to be ful of m uch nutri ti on. They may l ook beauti ful , but i nsi de there i s usual y m ore water than vi tam i ns and m i neral s. With these di scoveri es, som e farm ers and m any custom ers are begi nni ng to turn to ani c farm i ng. O rgani c farmi ng i s sim pl y farm i ng without using any chemi cals. They focus on keepi ng thei r soi l ri ch and free of di sease. A heal thy soi l reduces di sease and hel ps crops grow strong and heal thy. O rgani c farm ers, therefore, often prefer usi ng natural waste from ani mal s as ferti li zer. They feel that this m akes the soi l i n thei r fi el ds ri cher i n mi neral s and so m ore fertil e. This al so keeps the ai r, soil , water and crops free from chem ical s. O rgani c farm ers al so use many other m ethods to keep the soil fertil e. They often change the knd of crop i n each fi el d every few years, for exampl e, growi ng corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans put i m portant m i nerals back i nto the soil , m aking i t ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertil e soil . O rgani c farm ers al so pl ant crops to use different l evels of soi l, for exampl e, pl anti ng peanuts that use the ground’s surface fol l owed by vegetabl es that put down deep roots. Som e ani c farm ers prefer pl anti ng grass between crops to prevent wi nd or water from carryi ng away the soil , and then l eavi ng i t i n the ground to be e a natural ferti li zer for the next year’s crop. These m any different ani c farmi ng m ethods have the sam e goal : to grow good food and avoi d damagi ng the envi ronm ent or peopl e’s heal th. An earl y farm er pi oneer Som e peopl e thought Ji a Si xi e was a l ucky man. H e had worked for the emperor and when he got ol d, he was abl