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第一篇:現(xiàn)在完成時用法小結(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時用法小結(jié)(只摘抄黑體字部分,藍體字只讀不摘抄,第二種用法只學不摘抄)現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示說話之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài),其結(jié)果和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去,但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;也可表示從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。屬于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的范疇。其構(gòu)成: 助動詞have(has)+過去分詞??隙ㄊ?主語 + have/has + 過去分詞 + 其他。(當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時用has,其余人稱用have。過去分詞:規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成與動詞過去式相同。不規(guī)則動詞需要特殊記憶。)否定式:主語 + haven39。t/hasn39。t + 過去分詞 + 其他。疑問式: Have /Has + 主語 + 過去分詞 + 其他? 簡略答語: Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主語 + haven39。t/hasn39。t.(否定)(一)表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。如: Have you read that story? 你讀過那個故事嗎?(“讀”這一動作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是:是否知道故事的內(nèi)容。)I have bought two apples.我買了兩個蘋果。(“買”這一動作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:擁有兩個蘋果。)請朗讀下面句子,體會現(xiàn)在完成時的含義。(以下句子摘抄兩句) have finished my homework.(My homework is done, I can do something else.) has seen the doctor.(Now she knows what’s wrong with her.) have seen the film.(Now they know what the film is about.) has lost her pen.(Now she can’t see it.) you found your watch?(Do you have your watch now?) the train arrived?(Can we get on the train now?) Jenny invited you to her party?(Do you know her party? Will you go?) haven’t borrowed a book from the library.(Now I don’t have a library book.) hasn’t read the story.(He doesn’t know about the story.) haven’t washed my clothes.(My clothes are still dirty.)請將下面句子變成否定句,一般疑問句,并做肯定否定回答,同時體會各個句子的含義,領(lǐng)悟現(xiàn)在完成時的用法。(摘抄兩個句子) has returned the book to the have bought a new pair of students have swept the have told the teacher about train has left the has turned off the mother has cooked supper for have done our “完成用法” 現(xiàn)在完成時的“完成用法”指的是動作發(fā)生在過去某一時刻并已結(jié)束,但該動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響,與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系?,F(xiàn)在完成時“完成用法”的特點是動作不延續(xù),因此,該時態(tài)只能與表示不定的時間狀語(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、頻度時間狀語(如:never,ever,once等)、包括現(xiàn)在時刻在內(nèi)的時間狀語(如:this morning / month /year...,today等)連用?,F(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語(1)現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍,故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如:yesterday,last Sunday, in1990,three years ago等。,yet和just。already“已經(jīng),”一般用于肯定句中,yet“已經(jīng),還”一般用于否定句和 疑問句中。如:We have already finished our homework.(We have finished our homework already.)我們已完成作業(yè)了。They haven39。t finished their homework 。Have you washed your clothes yet?No,not “剛剛”,just now是過去的時間狀語, train has just left.(It’s not here now.)The train left just have just cleaned the room.(The room is clean now.)I cleaned the room just 和never。多用于否定或疑問句中,表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。如:Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎?I have never been to the Great 。,如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如:I have seen her before,but I can not remember ,但記不起在哪里見過。He has been there three times the last few ?!艾F(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時間狀語,如:now,today,thismorning(month,year, term)等。例如:Have you met him today?No,I haven39。?我 沒有。How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去過那里多少次?在學習這一概念的同時,還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的幾個副詞:already,just,ever,yet,never等。already,just多用于肯定句中,ever,yet,never多用于疑問句和否定句中。如: I have already finished my homework.我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了。He has just had his meal.他剛吃過飯。Have you ever sung this English song?你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎?They haven39。t started yet.他們還沒有動身。We have never heard of it. 我們從來沒有聽說過這件事。(以下內(nèi)容只學習,不摘抄)(二)表示過去已經(jīng)開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。因為表示的是持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài),所以使用的動詞通常是延續(xù)性動詞:be, stay, study, wait, keep, have… 等;使用的時間狀語通常由for或since 引導(dǎo),但二者后接的詞有所不同:for后常跟一個時間段,指某個動作到現(xiàn)在為止已持續(xù)了多長時間。如:for three years, for half an hour等。since 作介詞,后面可以接一個時間點,如since 1980,也可以接“一段時間+ago”,如: since three years ago, since two months ago等。since 還可用作連詞,引導(dǎo)一個過去時態(tài)的時間狀語從句。如:We have known each other since we went to 、非延續(xù)性動詞不能直接和for 或since 連用,但我們可以找一個相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞或動詞短語來替換這些非延續(xù)性動詞,如: bee→be, e to→be in / at, go out→ be out, leave→be away(from), begin→be on, stop→ be over,buy→ have, borrow→ keep, open→be open, close→be closed, join→be a member of/be in, die→be dead, catch a cold→have a cold, get to know→know, bee a teacher →be a teacher,fall asleep→be asleep, fall ill→ be ill等。句型It is the first(second, third...)time that...的that從句中,謂語動詞須用現(xiàn)在完成時,表示到說話時為止動作發(fā)生過幾次。如:It is the first time that I have been here.(三)現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。說話的側(cè)重點只在于陳述一件過去的事情,不強調(diào)對“現(xiàn)在”產(chǎn)生的影響。如: He visited Guilin in 。(只說明去桂林的時間)現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。不與確定的過去時間狀語連用。如: Jill has bought a new 。(著重點是現(xiàn)在有了一臺新電腦)兩種時態(tài)的區(qū)分(1)一般過去時的謂語動詞用過去式,而現(xiàn)在完成時的謂語基本構(gòu)成是“助動詞have /has +過去分詞”。(2)一般過去時通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。如:yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等;而現(xiàn)在完成時則常與just, already, ever, never等副詞和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段時間的狀語連用。(3)看看以下的幾組句子,有什么區(qū)別?① Have you seen the film?(A)Did you see the film?(B)[說明] 你看過這部電影嗎?(A)句強調(diào)的是被問者對劇情是否了解;(B)句強調(diào)的是看這部電影的動作是否發(fā)生過,并不強調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。② How has he done it?(A)How did he do it?(B)[說明]他是怎么做的這件事?(A)句強調(diào)的是他做這件事的方式對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了某種影響;(B)句單純的詢問做這件事的方式。③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)[說明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了8年,可能還會繼續(xù)在北京住下去。(B)句講的是他在北京住過8年,現(xiàn)在不在北京了。(四)幾點注意事項(1)have been(to)與have gone(to)的區(qū)別:have been(to)表示“去過某地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了)”,可用于各人稱;have gone(to)表示“去某地了(說話時某人不在當?shù)兀?,常用于第三人稱,前者可與once ,never,several times等連用,后者則不能。如:They have been to Beijing 。He has gone to 。(2)如單純表示一段時間,或強調(diào)一段時間,雖有since一詞,也不必用完成時。如:It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two 。(3)終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式,已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài),因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如:I haven39。t left here since ,我一直沒有離開過這兒。第二篇:現(xiàn)在完成時用法小結(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時用法小結(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài),其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去 但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或 狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成: have(has)+過去分詞。不少同學對現(xiàn)在完成時的用法感到困惑,下面我們來對現(xiàn)在完成時的用法以及現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別做一個詳細分析。現(xiàn)在完成時常與不確定的過去時間狀語,如:just, yet, before, recently, once, lately等;也可以同表示瀕度的時間狀語連用,如often, ever, never, sometimes, twice, on several occasions等;也同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用,如now, today, this morning, this year, this month等,但不能同特定的時間狀語連用(in 1993, last year等)。(一)表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。如: Have you read that story?你讀過那個故事嗎?(“讀”這一動作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是:是否知道故事的內(nèi)容。)I have bought two apples.我買了兩個蘋果。(“買”這一動作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:擁有兩個蘋果。)在學習這一概念的同時,還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的幾個副詞:already,just,ever,yet,never等。already,just多用于肯定句中,ever,yet,never多用于疑問句和否定句中。如: I have already finished my homework.我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了。He has just had his meal.他剛