現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解與練習(xí)答案(已修改)
2025-07-03 16:13 本頁面
【正文】 .. . . ..一、時(shí)態(tài)講解：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（1）構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由助動詞have +過去分詞構(gòu)成，助動詞have有人稱和數(shù)的變化。第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其余用have.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式直接在助動詞后面加上not、疑問式是把助動詞提到主語之前。以study為例，其否定式、疑問式和簡單回答形式如下：否定式疑問式I have not (haven’t) studied….Have I studied…?You have not (haven’t) studied….Have you studied…?He has not (hasn’t) studied….Has he studied…?否定疑問式簡單回答（肯定/否定）Have I not (Haven’t I) studied…?Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.Have you not (Haven’t you) studied…?Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied…?Yes, he has. No, hehasn’t.（2）用法：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響My daughter has just gone out.我女兒剛出去。I’m sure we’ve met before.我肯定我們以前見過面。She has arrived.她到了。2）表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如recently,already, just,lately, for…, since…,yet等。如：I haven’t heard from her these days.這些日子我沒有收到她的信。We haven’t seen you recently.最近我們沒有見到你。They have been away for two years.他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。She has been with us since Monday.★注意：a)since和for的區(qū)別since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段時(shí)間，表示“長達(dá)多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise:用since和for填空1. Jim has been inIreland______ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.4. Mary is inher office. She has been there ______ 7 o39。clock.5. India has been an independent country ______1974.6. The bus is late. They39。ve been waiting ______ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since2）表示短暫意義的動詞如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成時(shí)當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，因?yàn)樗鼈儽硎镜膭幼鞑豢赡艹掷m(xù)。因此，不能說：He has e here for 2 weeks. The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 以上三句話可以改為：He has been here for 2weeks.The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months.They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes2）have (has) been和have (has) gone的區(qū)別：表示“曾到過某地”要用“have (has) been”。表示“已經(jīng)去某地”要用“have (has) gone”試比較：Where has he been?他剛才到哪里去了？（已經(jīng)回來了）Where has he gone?他上哪兒去了？（人不在）They have been toCanada.他們到過加拿大。（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在加拿大）They have gone toCanada.他們到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已經(jīng)到加拿大）.3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等連用。例如：She has already e.她已經(jīng)來了。I haven’t read it yet.我還沒讀過這個(gè)。I have met him before.我從前曾見過他。Ma Hong has always been a good student.馬紅一直是個(gè)好學(xué)生。I have often seen him in the street.我經(jīng)常在街上看見他。They have never been to Yan’an.他們從未去過延安。I haven39。t seen him lately.我近來沒看到他。Irregular VerbsBase FormPast FormPast Participlebearborebornbeatbeatbeatenbeebecamebeeblowblewblownbringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltbuyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtchoosechosechosenecameedodiddonedrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfallfellfallenfindfoundfoundflyflewflowngetgotgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhavehadhadhearheardheardkeepkeptkeptleaveleftleftloselostlostmakemademadeputputputreadreadreadrunranrunsaysaidsaidseesawseensellsoldsoldsendsentsentsingsangsungsinksank/sunksunktaketooktakenteachtaughttaughtwritewrotewroteam, iswasbeenarewerebeenExercise:I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it
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