【正文】 河南理工大學畢業(yè)設計（論文）說明書 摘 要 在工、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和日常生活中，各個環(huán)節(jié)都與溫度緊密相連，溫度的測量及控制占有極其重要的地位。溫度已成為大多數(shù)儀器正常工作的前提，而且對溫度的要求也越來越嚴格。因此，溫度檢測與控制方法的研究也越來越受到人們的重視。 本文介紹的溫度控制系統(tǒng)為兩層結構，上位機由組態(tài)軟件完成對下位機的監(jiān)控。下位機利用數(shù)字溫度傳感器 DS18B20，結合單片機組成傳感器網(wǎng)絡 ，設計了相關硬件和軟件，實現(xiàn)多點溫度測量和控制 。論文中介紹了 DS18B20 進行循環(huán)溫度檢測 的方法和采用增量式 PID控制算法和 PWM調功方式，通過控制固態(tài)繼電器 在一定周期內的通斷占空比，最終實現(xiàn)對電烤箱的溫度控制。 其中 控制范圍為 室溫 到 120℃， 誤差小于 ℃。上位機 PC 與單片機之間通過 RS232 串口實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)交換，又 組態(tài)軟件 King View 具有強大的數(shù)據(jù)采集、處理功能和友好的人機界面， 故基于單片機和組態(tài)王的溫度控制系統(tǒng)， 可以理想地實現(xiàn)對相關設備的實時監(jiān)控。 此系統(tǒng)具有成本低、可靠性高、使用方便等特點，可廣泛用于倉庫測溫、樓宇空調溫度控制、生產(chǎn)過程監(jiān)控等。 關鍵詞 ： AT89S52； DS18B20； 溫度控制 ； 組態(tài)王； RS232 河南理工大學畢業(yè)設計（論文）說明書 Abstract In industrial and agricultural production and daily life,all sectors are closely related to Measurement and Control occupy a very important position. At present,temperature measurement and control equipment has bee normal working majority of the premise that and the temperature requirements more stringent. Therefore,the temperature measurement and control method of attracting increasing attention. The paper introduces a temperature control system,the detection and control of the controlled objects are acplished by slave puters,and the supervision of the controlled objects and slave puters is implemented in the host puter based on King and Microprocessor AT89S52 build up sensor works,which ac hieve the design of hardware and software for multiple spots temperature detected and control Paper describes the DS18B20 temperature measurement method and application of incremental PID loop control algorithm and mode of PWM power by controlling the solid state relay must cycle on/off duty cycle, and ultimately to electric oven temperature entire temperature detected and control system is capable of detecting and controlling multiplepoint temperature for accurate measurement,the controlling range from the room temperature to 120℃ ， control error is less than ℃ .The munication between PC and microprocessor based on RS2332 is described in detail in the View software supports a powerful platform for real time detection supports powerful function for data acquisition and management and manmachine state detection for temperature detected and control system based on Microprocessor and King View software is designed to detect the devices and make sure the devices work in a reliable,effective and secure way. With low cost,high reliability and convenience of operators,the system can be used in many fields such as the temperature measurement system of warehouse,the air conditioning control of building and the monitor of productive process. Keywords: AT89S52。 DS18B20。 Temperature control。 King View。 RS232 河南理工大學畢業(yè)設計（論文）說明書 目錄 1 緒論 ............................................................. 1 課題背景及現(xiàn)狀 ...................................................... 1 溫度測量方面 ..................................................... 1 溫度控制方面 ..................................................... 2 研究意義 ............................................................ 2 課題要求 ............................................................ 3 2 方案論證與主要器件選型 ............................................. 4 方案比較與選擇 ...................................................... 4 溫度測量方案選擇 ................................................. 4 溫度控制方案的選擇 ............................................... 5 主要器件的選擇 ...................................................... 6 傳感器 ........................................................... 6 主控元件 ......................................................... 8 顯示器件 ......................................................... 9 控制模塊 ......................................................... 9 通信模塊 ........................................................ 11 上位機組態(tài)監(jiān)控 ..................................................... 12 系統(tǒng)總體設計框圖 ................................................... 12 3 系統(tǒng)硬件電路設計 ................................................. 14 系統(tǒng)硬件電路框圖 ................................................... 14 單片機最小系統(tǒng)設計 ................................................. 14 多點測量電路設計 ................................................... 16 ............................................. 16 ............................................. 16 DS18B20 使用中注意事項 .......................................... 18 河南理工大學畢業(yè)設計（論文）說明書 2 顯示和鍵盤電路設計 ................................................. 18 顯示和鍵盤電路圖 ................................................ 18 顯示部分設計 .................................................... 19 鍵盤電路設計 .................................................... 20 控制模塊電路設計 ................................................... 21 控制執(zhí)行電路 .................................................... 21 報警電路 ........................................................ 21 串口通訊電路 ....................................................... 22 4系統(tǒng)軟件部分設計 .................................................. 23 軟件總體設計 ....................................................... 23 DS18B20 的測溫程序 ................................................. 24 DS18B20 常用指令 ................................................ 24 初始化子程序 ................................................... 24 讀子程序 ....................................................... 25 寫子程序 ....................................................... 25 顯示和鍵盤掃描程序 ................................................. 26 顯示掃描程序流程圖 .............................................. 26 鍵盤掃描程序流程圖 .............................................. 26 控制執(zhí)行程序 ....................................................... 27 控制思路及其流程圖 .............................................. 27 PID 控制算法 .................................................... 28 PID 參數(shù)的整定 .................................................. 29 PWM 波的設計 .................................