【正文】 畢 業(yè) 論 文 題 目： 話語與社會的變遷 — 基于《人民日報》 元旦社論（ 194920xx）的歷時研究 Discourse and Social Change — A Diachronic Study of the New Year’s Editorials (194920xx) in the People’s Daily Xing Jianping A Thesis Submitted in Conformity with the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts Supervised by Ji Weining Foreign Languages School of Qingdao Agricultural University June 6, 20xx Contents 1. Introduction……………………………………………… .....……… .… .… 2 2. Theoretical Background………………………………………………… ...3 3. Diachronic Study of High Frequency Key Words …………… ...…… ......3 4. Diachronic Study of Titles……………………… ..…………………… ......6 5. Diachronic Study of Generic Structure………… ..……………… ..… ..… .8 The Identification of Generic Units—Move and Step………… ....…… ..9 Changes of Generic Structure over the Five Periods.......… .……… ......10 6. Conclusion…………………………………… ...……………… ....…… .… 13 References ……………………………………………… ..……… .…………1 4 Acknowledgements………………………………………………… … ...… ..16 Appendix…………………………………………………………………… ..17 1 Discourse and Social Change — A Diachronic Study of the New Year’s Editorials (194920xx) in the People’s Daily Xing Jianping Class 2, 20xx, Foreign Languages School, Qingdao Agricultural University Abstract: There is a dialectical relationship between language and society. Language changes with changes of society, in converse, also casts effects on social changes. Since 1949, Chinese society has experienced several major social changes. Whether these social changes will affect language use or not has been one of the major concerns of linguistic field. This paper chooses the New Year’s Editorials of the People’s Daily as study object for the purpose to explore the relations between discourse and social change. Taking systemic functional linguistics theory as theoretical basis and the bination of qualitative and quantitative analysis as research method, this study investigates the diachronic changes of the New Year’s Editorials over 65 years (194920xx). This investigation mainly precedes through three aspects, namely, analysis of the high frequency key words, title, and generic structure. The analysis reveals that the New Year’s Editorial, as a type of discourse, displays evident diachronic changes which have a close relationship with the changes of social and cultural context, showing covariant characteristics. Keywords: The New Year’s Editorial。 Covariant Relations。 Generic Structure。 Social Situations 2 話語與社會的變遷 — 基于《人民日報》元旦社論 (194920xx)的歷時研究 摘要 ： 語言與社會之間具有一種辯證相關(guān)的關(guān)系。語言隨著社會的發(fā)展而變化，并反過來影響社會的變化。 1949 年以來，中國社會經(jīng)歷過幾次重大的社會變革，這種變革對語言的使用是否產(chǎn)生影響是語言學(xué)界關(guān)注的問題之一。 本文以《人民日報》的元旦社論為研究對象， 以系統(tǒng)功能語言學(xué)的思想為觀照， 運用 定性分析與 定量分析 方法，對建國以來 《人民日報》 65 篇（ 1949— 20xx） 元旦社論 進(jìn)行 歷時研究 。研究主要從語篇的高頻關(guān)鍵詞、標(biāo)題、體裁結(jié)構(gòu)三個方面對元旦社論進(jìn)行歷時的語言學(xué)層面的文本分析， 目的在于 揭示話語 和社會環(huán)境的關(guān)系 。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)元旦社 論這一語篇類型的語言學(xué)特征呈現(xiàn)出明顯的歷時變化，這些語言學(xué)特征的變化與社會環(huán)境的變化具有密切的關(guān)系，呈現(xiàn)出共變的特征。 關(guān)鍵詞： 元旦社論、 共變關(guān)系、體裁結(jié)構(gòu)、社會環(huán)境 1. Introduction Discourse is the result of language when it is used in munication, which is confined by social conventions and it also can reflect them. It is a tangible form of munication act that is semantically and pragmatically coherent, and can be rendered in either written form or spoken form and is used to achieve munication goal. As one type of discourse, the New Year’s Editorial in the People’s Daily is a typical study object to study the relationship between language and social changes. The New Year’s Editorial which is published by the main stream media on the country’s most important festival epitomizes not only the state line, principles and policies of the party and the country, but also the outlook of the party and country on various aspects of politics, economy and culture in the new year. As one type of news ment, the New Year’s Editorial reflects the social environment where it happens, and has covariant relations with it. Since the foundation of China, the People’s Daily has issued the 65 New Year’s Editorials (194920xx). There are many previous researches on the New Year’s Editorial. However, most of them focus on macro study of social relations。 few of them pay attention to detailed linguistics studies with a view to the relationship between language and social changes. This study aims at investigating a diachronic study of the New Year’s Editorial in order to disclose the relationship between language and social changes through a bination of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the text. The paper divides the 65 New Year’s Editorials into five periods according to main developing periods of Chinese society: the earlier years of new China (19491956), the period of tough development of China (19571965), the period of the Cultural Revolution 3 (19661977), the period of early years of “Reform and Opening up” (19781992) and the period of building socialism with Chinese characteristics (199320xx). In order to avoid onesidedness and subjectivity on the selected corpus, and to ensure the validity of the study as far as possible , this paper follows prehensive, full and objective principles, and analyzes all the 65 New Year’s Editorials (194920xx). 2. Theoretical Background The study takes Halliday’s systemic functional grammar as theoretical basis. According to Halliday (1985), “whatever the final purpose or direction of the analysis, there has to be a grammar at the base. A discourse analysis that is not based on grammar is not an analysis at all.” A systemic functional approach can be applied to discourse study. Many scholars have conducted discourse analysis from the perspective of systemic functional linguistics (SFL), from which many features about discourse have been dis