【正文】 畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書（畢業(yè)論文） I 摘要 高層建筑是現(xiàn)代社會經(jīng)濟、技術(shù)和文化的綜合體。由于其樓層高、空間跨度大、功能復(fù)雜，且一旦發(fā)生火災(zāi)，撲救困難，損失巨大，后果慘重。因此，隨著高層建筑的不斷涌現(xiàn)，高層建筑的安全疏散及消防體系的安全可靠性近年來受到了越來越多的關(guān)注。 本文 主要對 包頭寧鹿綜合辦公樓 進行安全疏散設(shè)計及對該樓的消防系統(tǒng)進行可靠性分析。 通過建筑物火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場勘察表明，造成火 災(zāi)中人員傷害的重要原因之一是建筑物的疏散路線設(shè)計不合理，本文 嚴格按照《高層民用建筑防火設(shè)計規(guī)范》中關(guān)于安全疏散的相關(guān)規(guī)定及根據(jù)建筑實際情況設(shè)計了 包頭寧鹿綜合辦公樓的 安全 出口、疏散樓梯及樓梯間等內(nèi)容。 該樓的消防系統(tǒng)主要包括：消火栓系統(tǒng)、自動噴水系統(tǒng)及火 災(zāi)報警系統(tǒng)，本文主要使用可靠度的計算方法對該樓的消防系統(tǒng)進行可靠性分析。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：安全疏散 消火栓系統(tǒng) 自動噴水系統(tǒng) 火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng) 可靠性 畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書（畢業(yè)論文） II Abstract Highrise building is a prehensive economic, technological and cultural structure in the modern society. Because of its height, longspan space, and plicated structure, in a fire accident, the fire will be very difficult to put out and will cause great disaster as well as serious loss of property. For this safety reason and because tall buildings are springing up quickly in recent years, safety evacuation and fire control system have attracted more and more attention of the public. This paper will mainly deal with the analysis of the reliability of the design of safety evacuation and fire control system by the example of the Ninlu Comprehensive Office Building in Baotou, Inner Mongolia. Judging by the site survey on the cause of the fire accident there, one of the most important causes that led to its great disaster is the unreasonable design of the evacuating route in the building. To solve this kind of problem, strictly abiding by the regulations in the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings and taking the fact of this building into consideration, the author designs some new safety systems for such parts as the emergency exit, evacuating stair and stair well in this paper. The fire control system includes: hydrant system, automaticwatersprinkling system and fire reporting system. The calculating method of reliability is used in the analysis of the reliability of the system. Key words: safety evacuation。 hydrant system。 automaticwatersprinkling system。 fire reporting system。 reliability 畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書（畢業(yè)論文） III 目錄 摘要 .............................................................................................................................................. I Abstract ........................................................................................................................................II 第一章 緒論 ................................................................................................................................. 1 火災(zāi)概述 .......................................................................................................................... 1 火災(zāi)定義及分類 ...................................................................................................... 1 火災(zāi)原因分析 ......................................................................................................... 1 火災(zāi)的特征 ............................................................................................................. 2 燃燒機理 ................................................................................................................ 3 高層建筑火災(zāi)的特點 ........................................................................................................ 6 火勢蔓延快 ............................................................................................................. 6 疏散困難 ................................................................................................................ 7 撲救困難 ................................................................................................................ 8 高層建筑防滅火的主要措施 .............................................................................................. 8 消火栓滅火系統(tǒng) ...................................................................................................... 8 防火分區(qū) ................................................................................................................ 8 火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng) .................................................................................................. 9 自動噴水滅火系統(tǒng) .................................................................................................. 9 第二章 設(shè)計說明 ........................................................................................................................ 13 建筑概況 ........................................................................................................................ 13 設(shè)計任務(wù)及設(shè)計依據(jù) ...................................................................................................... 13 設(shè)計的任務(wù) ........................................................................................................... 13 設(shè)計的依據(jù) ........................................................................................................... 13 第三章 安全疏散設(shè)計 ................................................................................................................. 14 安全疏散的目的和原則 ................................................................................................... 14 安全疏散的目的 .................................................................................................... 14 安全疏散的原則 .................................................................................................... 14 允許疏散時間 ................................................................................................................. 14 建筑物耐火等級的劃分 ......................................................................................... 14 允許疏散時間的確定 ............................................................................................ 15 安全疏散距離 ................................................................................................................. 16 從房間內(nèi)的最遠點到房門或住宅戶門的距離 .......................................................... 16 從房門（或住宅戶門）到最近安全出口的距離 .............................