【正文】 基于模擬退火的護士排班算法研究 摘要 隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展， 國內(nèi)外醫(yī)療問題越來越受注。護士是醫(yī)療機構(gòu)中的重要成員。護士排班是 醫(yī)院日常工作 的重要方面。 科學(xué)合理的護士排班能降低醫(yī)院的人力資源成本，提高護理質(zhì)量。 護士排班是基層護理者的一項經(jīng)常性工作，是在現(xiàn)有的人力資源基礎(chǔ)上，對護理工作任務(wù)、內(nèi)容、程序、人力、和時間因素通盤考慮，做出系統(tǒng)、科學(xué)地安排，使護理人員明確職責(zé)，工作效率得到提高，保證醫(yī)院護理質(zhì)量，同時降低人力資源成本 [1]。 由于 護士排班問題受 各種勞動法規(guī)約束，不同護士的能力 有 差異以及護士 有班次 偏好需求，護 士排班問題是極為復(fù)雜的組合優(yōu)化問題，屬 NP 難問題。本文旨在利用模擬退火算法求解該問題。 本文首先 對護士排班問題建立整數(shù)規(guī)劃模型， 考慮護士級別和偏好 ，在 減少醫(yī)院成本的同時，盡量滿足護士對于班次的偏好。 然后 探討用模擬退火算法求解護士排班問題。 詳細(xì) 設(shè)計了模擬退火算法， 首先在不破壞一些約束的情況下（如晚班后不能接著上早班）， 隨機產(chǎn)生初始解，然后 用增加護士和減少班次的方法 對初 始解進行可行化，再在不破壞解的可行性的情況下，對排班表進行變換來產(chǎn)生 新解，構(gòu)成模擬退火的關(guān)鍵部分 ，再設(shè)計接受準(zhǔn)則和算法參數(shù)，完成了算法的設(shè)計 。 最后， 在 C++ builder 環(huán)境中進行編程實現(xiàn)， 對 湖南省 某市級醫(yī)院某科室的護士排班問題就行求解， 取得了良好的效果。 關(guān)鍵字：護士排班； 建 模； 模擬退火算法 Study on Nurse Scheduling Algorithm Based on Simulated Annealing Abstract As the rapid development of economy, health anization is highly concerned at home and abroad. Nurses are important members of health anization. Nurse scheduling is an important part of daily operation in hospitals. Scientific and reasonable nurse scheduling can not only reduce the operating costs of hospitals but also improve the quality of nursing work. Nurse scheduling is a normal job of nurses at basic level, considering the nursing work, content, process, personnel, and time factors, which is making systematic and scientific plan to make nurses clear about their work, improve the proficiency and quality of their work and reduce personnel cost. Because nurse scheduling problem is constrained by many rules of labor law and there are differences of abilities and preferences between different nurses, nurse scheduling is a bination optimization problem, belonging to NP hard problem. The thesis has built the integer programming of nurse scheduling problem, considering the levels and preferences of nurses. The thesis tries to use simulated annealing method to solve the nurse scheduling problem. At first, initial solution is generated randomly. At the same time, the up work time of a nurse is protected not to be broken and other constrains are concerned, for example, when a nurse gets a night shift, he can’t get the morning shifts the other day. Then adding nurse and subtracting shift methods are used to make the schedule feasible. In addition, much iteration is used to make the schedule better. Finally, programs are written in C++ builder environment and good result is reached. Key words: nurse scheduling, model, simulated annealing algorithm 目錄 摘要 ......................................................................................................... I Abstract ................................................................................................. II 1 緒論 ..................................................................................................... 1 選題背景和意義 ....................................................................... 1 國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ........................................................................ 1 國內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 .................................................................................... 2 國外研究現(xiàn)狀 .................................................................................... 3 研究內(nèi)容與組織結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................................... 3 2 護士排班問題建模 ............................................................................. 5 護士排班問題 ............................................................................ 5 護士排班問題整數(shù)規(guī)劃模型 .................................................... 6 3 基于模擬退火的護士排班算法 .......................................................... 7 模擬退火算法概述 .................................................................... 7 基于模擬退火的護士排班算法設(shè)計 ......................................... 9 方案可行化 ..................................................................................... 11 新解的產(chǎn)生 ..................................................................................... 12 接受準(zhǔn)則 ......................................................................................... 14 參數(shù)設(shè)計 ............................................................................................ 14 4 基于模擬退火的護士排班算法實現(xiàn)與案例分析 ............................. 14 案例背景 ................................................................................. 14 算法實現(xiàn) ................................................................................. 15 類的設(shè)計 ............................................................................................ 15 模擬退火算法實現(xiàn) ..............