【正文】 I 摘 要 近年來(lái)，物流作為“第三方利潤(rùn)的源泉”受到國(guó)內(nèi)各行業(yè)的極大重視并得到了較大的發(fā)展。 在高度發(fā)展的商業(yè)社會(huì)中，傳統(tǒng)的 VSP算法已無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足顧客需求對(duì)物流配送提出的要求，于是時(shí)間窗的概念應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。帶有時(shí)間窗的車(chē)輛優(yōu)化調(diào)度問(wèn)題是比 VSP復(fù)雜程度更高的 NP 難題。 本文在研究 物流配送 車(chē)輛優(yōu)化調(diào)度問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)有時(shí)間窗的車(chē)輛優(yōu)化調(diào)度問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了分析。并對(duì)所采用的遺傳算法的基本理論做了論述。 對(duì)于有時(shí)間窗的非滿(mǎn)載 VSP 問(wèn)題，將貨運(yùn)量約束和軟時(shí)間窗約束轉(zhuǎn)化為目標(biāo)約束，建立了非滿(mǎn)載VSP模型，設(shè)計(jì)了基于自然數(shù)編碼，使用最大 保留交叉、改進(jìn)的反轉(zhuǎn)變異等技術(shù)的遺傳算法。經(jīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)分析，取得了較好的結(jié)果。 由于此問(wèn)題為小組成員共同研究，本文重點(diǎn)論述了本人完成的關(guān)于適應(yīng)度函數(shù)和變異操作的部分。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：物流配送 車(chē)輛優(yōu)化調(diào)度 遺傳算法 時(shí)間窗 II Abstract Recent years, logistics, taken as third profit resource”, has been developing rapidly. In the developed mercial society, traditional VSP algorithm have been unable to meet the requirement that Quick Response to customer demand had brought forth, then the conception of Time Window has e into being. The vehiclescheduling problem with time window is also a NPhard problem being more plicated than VSP. This text has been researched to the vehiclescheduling problem with time window on the basis of researched to logistic vehicle scheduling problem. And it has explained the basic theory of geic algorithm. On the VSP with time window, while the restraints of capacity and time windows are changed into object restraints, a mathematic model is established. We use technique such as maximum preserved crossover and design geic algorithm on nature number, which can deal with soft time windows through experimental analysis, have made better result. Because this problem was studied together for group members, this text has expounded the part about fitness function and mutation operator that I finished. Key words: logistic distribution vehicle scheduling problem geic algorithm time windows III 目 錄 摘 要 .....................................................................................................I Abstract ................................................................................................ II 目 錄 .................................................................................................. III 引 言 .................................................................................................... 1 第 1 章 概 述 ...................................................................................... 2 研究背景 .................................................................................. 2 物流配送車(chē)輛優(yōu)化調(diào)度的研究動(dòng)態(tài)和水平 ................................... 4 問(wèn)題的提出 ...................................................................... 4 分類(lèi) ................................................................................ 4 基本問(wèn)題與基本方法 ......................................................... 5 算法 ................................................................................ 5 貨運(yùn)車(chē)輛優(yōu)化調(diào)度問(wèn)題的分類(lèi) ........................................... 6 研究的意義 .............................................................................. 7 研究的范圍 .............................................................................. 7 第 2 章 有時(shí)間窗的車(chē)輛優(yōu)化調(diào)度問(wèn)題 (VSPTW) ...................................... 9 時(shí)間窗的定義 ........................................................................... 9 VSPTW 問(wèn)題的結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................... 11 第 3 章 遺傳算法基本理論 .................................................................. 11 遺傳算法的基本原理 ............................................................... 11 遺傳算法的特點(diǎn) ............................................................. 12 遺傳算法的基本步驟和處理流程 ...................................... 12 遺傳算法的應(yīng)用 ............................................................. 13 編碼 ...................................................................................... 14 二進(jìn)制編碼 .................................................................... 14 Gray 編碼 ...................................................................... 15 實(shí)數(shù)向量編碼 ................................................................. 15 排列編碼 ....................................................................... 15 IV 適應(yīng)度函數(shù) ............................................................................ 15 目標(biāo)函數(shù)映射成適應(yīng)度函數(shù) ............................................. 16 適應(yīng)度定標(biāo) .................................................................... 16 遺傳算法的基因操作 ............................................................... 17 選擇算子 ....................................................................... 17 交叉算子 ....................................................................... 18 變異算子 ....................................................................... 21 遺傳算法控制參數(shù)設(shè)定 ............................................................ 24 第 4 章 遺傳算法求解有時(shí)間窗非滿(mǎn)載 VSP ........................................... 25 問(wèn)題描述 ................................................................................ 25 數(shù)學(xué)模型 ................................................................................ 25 一般 VSP 模型 ................................................................. 25 有時(shí)間窗 VSP 模型 .......................................................... 27 算法設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................ 27 算法流程圖 .................................................................... 27 染色體結(jié)構(gòu) .................................................................... 27 約束處理 ....................................................................... 30 適應(yīng)度函數(shù) .................................................................... 31 初始種群 ....................................................................... 31 遺傳算子 ....................................................................... 31 控制參數(shù)和終止條件 ....................................................... 32 算法實(shí)現(xiàn) ................................................................................ 34 實(shí)驗(yàn)及結(jié)果分析 ...................................................................... 34 控制參數(shù)選定 ..............