【正文】 第一篇：名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句講解及練習定語從句、狀語從句、名詞性從句講解及練習名詞性從句whatever與no matter what It is generally considered unwise to give a child __________ her or she matter what matter when 此題應選 A。容易誤選B。選項C、D顯然是錯的，因為句中的 wants 缺賓語，而C、D兩項不能作賓語。至于C、D 的區(qū)別，可這樣描述：no matter what 只能引導狀語從句，而不引導名詞性從句。而 whatever 既可引導名詞性從句(＝anything that)，也可引導狀語從句(＝no matter what)：(只用whatever)： 無論他做什么都是對的。正：Whatever he did was ：No matter what he did was 。正：Whatever he says sounds ：No matter what he says sounds 。正：Goats eat whatever they ：Goats eat no matter what they (兩者可換用)： 無論你說什么，我都不會相信你。正：Whatever you say，I won’t believe ：No matter what you say，I won’t believe ，都要保持鎮(zhèn)定。正：Keep calm，whatever ：Keep calm，no matter what 要素一：引導詞也就是引導名詞性從句的關聯詞。這些引導詞可分為三類,一是that類，二是if / whether類，三是疑問詞類。既然是引導詞，所以這些詞就總是位于名詞性從句的最前面。要素二：語序 名詞性從句都必須與陳述句語序相同，即“主語＋謂語”。事實上，任何一種從句，其語序都必須與陳述句的語序相同。要素一：時態(tài)若主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時時，賓語從句的謂語動詞可根據情況使用各種時態(tài)；若主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，賓語從句若不是一個客觀事實或真理，其謂語動詞也必須用某種過去時態(tài)。引導賓語從句that的省略問題■名詞從句作動詞賓語時，前面的that常被省略，特別是在非正式語體中：I suggested(that)they should drive along the 。I hoped(that)I would / should 。I know(that)he will be in 。I knew(that)he would be in 。He thinks(that)they will give him a 。He thought(that)they would give him 3 。I expect(that)the plane will he 。I expected(that)the plane would be 。■在某些動詞(如answer, imply)之后則一般需要用that。如： He answered that he was from 。She answered that she preferred to eat 。I don’t wish to imply that you are 。The newspapers have implied that they are having an ?！鲈谳^長的句子里，特別在“that從句”與動詞隔開時，that一般不可省略。如：The dealer told me how much he was prepared to pay for my car and that f could have the money without ，并說我會立即收到款。這個that if是什么意思這道題中的 that if 是什么意思？She promised _________ he had enough money she would marry if that 【分析】此題應選 C，其余幾項均有可能誤選。句子的正常詞序為 She promised that she would marry him if he had enough if he had enough money 插入動詞 promised 與其賓語從句之間，從而導致許多同學誤選。順便說一句，本來動詞 promise 后接賓語從句時，引導賓語從句的 that 是可以省略的，但是按英語習慣，當動詞與其賓語從句之間插有其他成分時，引導賓語從句的 that 通常不宜省略，所以此題不宜選B。又如：She promised that if anyone found her son she would give him a lot of ，她會給他一大筆錢。（句子可改為 She promised that she would give him a lot of money if anyone found her son.）He said that when his wife came back he would ，他就離開。(句子可改寫為 He said that he would leave when his wife came back.)Tell him that if he is at home I’ll e to see ，如果他在家，我就去看他。(句子可改寫為 Tell him(that)I’ll e to see him if he is at home.)這兩道題考查名詞性從句嗎第1題Don’t you know, my dear friend, _________ it is you that she loves? 【分析】此題容易誤選 A或B，選 A 者認為這是指人的，故用 who；選B者認為這是非限制性定語從句，兩者都是誤認為這是定語從句(注意沒有先行詞)，其實此題應選C，它引導的是一個賓語從句，只是被其中的插入語 my dear friend 隔開罷了。其實此句也可說成 My dear friend, don’t you know that it is you that she loves? 又如：I think, though I could be mistaken, _________ he liked 答案選 C，句子可改寫為 I think that he liked me, though I could be that he liked me 是動詞 think之賓語。第2題He told me the news, believe it or not, _________ he had earned $1 000 in a single 【分析】此題容易誤選 B，誤認為這是非限制性定語從句。其實此題應選 A，that 引導的是一個用以修飾名詞 the news 的同位語從句。不少同學之所以誤選B，正是 believe it or not（信不信由你）這個插入成分惹的禍。這道題是考查主語從句嗎？這道題是考查主語從句嗎？要看仔細定噢！_________ with the right knowledge can give first ever 【分析】此題容易誤選B，主要受以下這類句子的影響而形成思維定勢： Whoever says that is ，誰就是在說謊。Whoever breaks this law deserves a 。Whoever es first can get a ticket 。以上各例中的 whoever 引導的均為主語從句，它們均可換成 anyone who，但不能換成 anyone。上面的試題從表面上看，與以上各例很相似，其實有本質的不同，即 _________ with the right knowledge 中沒有謂語動詞，所以我們不能選 whoever。此題的正確答案為C，anyone 為句子主語，with the right knowledge 為修飾 anyone 的定語。請做以下試題：(1)_________ with a good education can apply for the ever(2)_________ has a good education can apply for the ever(3)_________ having a good education can apply for the ever(4)_________ seen smoking here will be ever(5)_________ is seen smoking here will be ever(6)_________ smoking here will be ever(7)_________ smokes here will be ever 第(1)題選C，介詞短語with a good education 為修飾 anyone 的定語； 第(2)題選B，whoever has a good education 為主語從句；第(3)題選C，現在分詞短語having a good education 為修飾 anyone 的定語；第(4)題選C，過去分詞短語seen smoking here 為修飾 anyone 的定語(可視為 anyone who is seen smoking here 之省略)；第(5)題選B，whoever is seen smoking here 為主語從句(from )； 第(6)題選C，現在分詞短語smoking here 為修飾anyone 的定語； 第(7)題B，whoever smokes here 為主語從句。that與whether(if)引導名詞性從句的區(qū)別兩者均可引導賓語從句，也可引導語從句和表語從句(if 通常不行)，但兩者含義不同，whether(if)表示“是否”，that 卻不表示任何含義。在它們所引出的從句中，that 表示一種肯定、明確的概念，而 whether(if)則表示一種不肯定、不明確的概念。比較：Whether he’ll e is not known 。That he’ll e is known to us 。類似地，動詞doubt(懷疑)后接賓語從句時，由于 doubt的含義不確定，故通常用 whether(if)來引導其賓語從句，但若 doubt為否定式，則其后的賓語從句用 that 來引導。如：I doubt if you are 。I don’t doubt that you are 。that, why 與 because 引導表語從句時的區(qū)別雖然三者均可引導表語從句，但 that 沒有詞義，而 why 和 because 有自己的意思；另外，雖然 why和 because 都可引導表語從句，但前者強調結果，后者強調原因。如：The reason was that you don’t trust 。The fact is that they are angry with each 。He was ’s why he was sent to the ，所以被送到醫(yī)院來。He was sent to the ’s because he was ，是因為他生病了。whether 和if引導名詞性從句的區(qū)別兩者均可用于及物動詞后引導賓語從句，表示“是否”，?？苫Q。但除此(用于動詞后引導賓語從句)之外，在其他情況下表示“是否”時，通常要用 whether 而不用 if，如用于引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、讓步狀語從句、與or連用分別引導兩個分句等，或用于不定式前、用于介詞后、直接與 or not 連用等等。如：Ask him whether [if] he can 。The question is whether he can do 。Answer my question whether you can help 。It depends on whether the letter arrives in 。注：在某些動詞后(如 discuss 等)通常只用 whether。如：We discussed whether we should hold a 。that與what引導名詞性從句的區(qū)別that引導名詞性從句只起連接作用，在從句中不作任何成分，無意義，在賓語從句通常省略，但在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中均不能省略；what除引導從句外，還在從句中作成分，意為“所??的(東西)”，在含義上等于“名詞+that”。如：That she lacks experience is ，這是顯然的。The police learned that he wasn’t there at that 。He realized that she too was 。My idea is that you shouldn’t have left the 。Bob has the mistaken idea that tomorrow is a 。It was quite plain that he didn’t want to 。It is natural that they should have different 。What(=The thing that)he said was 。What he had hoped at last came 。What he said is beneath 。What he says is true, 。What she saw gave her a 。What I want to say is 。I’m sorry for what I 。That’s what I want to 。Y