【正文】 Chapter 2/ Slide 1 Chapter 2 Personality and Learning Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 2 Learning Objectives 1. Define personality and discuss its general role in influencing anizational behaviour. 2. Describe the dispositional, situational, and interactionist approach to anizational behaviour. 3. Discuss the FiveFactor Model of personality. 4. Discuss the consequences of locus of control, selfmonitoring, and selfesteem. Chapter 2 Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 3 Learning Objectives (continued) 5. Discuss positive and negative affectivity, proactive personality, general selfefficacy, and core selfevaluations. 6. Define learning and describe what is learned in anizations. 7. Explain operant learning theory and differentiate between positive and negative reinforcements. Chapter 2 Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 4 Learning Objectives (continued) 8. Explain when to use immediate versus delayed reinforcement and when to use continuous versus partial reinforcement. 9. Distinguish between extinction and punishment and explain how to use punishment effectively. social cognitive theory and discuss observational learning, selfefficacy, and selfregulation. anizational learning practices. Chapter 2 Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 5 What Is Personality? ? The relatively stable set of psychological characteristics that influences the way an individual interacts with his or her environment and how he or she feels, thinks, and behaves. ? Dimensions and traits that are determined by geic predisposition and one’s longterm learning history. ? People have a variety of personality characteristics. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 6 Personality and Organizational Behaviour ? Personality has a long history in anizational behaviour. ? The role of personality in anizational behaviour has often been debated in what is known as the “personsituation debate” ? This has led to three approaches: – The dispositional approach – The situational approach – The interactionist approach Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 7 The Dispositional Approach ? Focuses on individual dispositions and personality. ? Individuals possess stable traits or characteristics that influence their attitudes and behaviours. ? Individuals are predisposed to behave in certain ways. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 8 The Situational Approach ? Characteristics of the anizational setting such as rewards and punishment influence people’s feelings, attitudes and behaviour. ? Many studies have shown that situational factors such as the characteristics of work tasks predict job satisfaction. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 9 The Interactionist Approach ? Organizational behaviour is a function of both dispositions and the situation. ? To predict and understand anizational behaviour, we need to know something about an individual’s personality and the work setting. ? This is the most widely accepted approach to anizational behaviour. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 10 Personality and the Situation ? Situations can be described as being either “weak” or “strong”. ? In weak situations, roles are loosely defined, there are few rules and weak reinforcement and punishment contingencies. ? Personality has the strongest effect in weak situations. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 11 Personality and the Situation (continued) ? In strong situations, the roles, rules, and contingencies are more defined. ? Personality has less of an impact in strong situations. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 12 Implications of the Interactionist Approach ? Some personality characteristics are useful in certain anizational situations. ? There is no one best personality. ? Appreciate the advantages of employee diversity. ? The importance of fit putting the right person in the right job, group, or anization. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 13 The FiveFactor Model of Personality ? Five basic but general dimensions that describe personality: – Extraversion – Emotional stability/neuroticism – Agreeableness – Conscientiousness – Openness to experience Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 14 The FiveFactor Model of Personality (continued) Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 15 Extraversion and OB ? Important for jobs that require interpersonal interaction and where being sociable, assertive, energetic, and ambitious is important for success. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 16 Emotional stability/neuroticism and OB ? Persons high on emotional stability will have more effective interactions with coworkers and customers as they tend to be more clam and secure. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 17 Agreeableness and OB ? Contributes to job performance in jobs that require interaction and involve helping, cooperating, and nurturing others as well as in jobs that involve teamwork and cooperation. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 18 Conscientiousness and OB ? Important for job performance on most jobs given the tendency towards hard work and achievement. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 19 Openness to Experience and OB ? Important for jobs that involve learning and creativity given the tendency to be intellectual, curious, and imaginative. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 20 The FiveFact