【正文】 I （ 2020 屆） 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）資料 題 目 名 稱： 基于單片機控制的泊車輔助系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 學(xué) 院（部）： 電氣與信息工程學(xué)院 專 業(yè)： 電氣工程及其自動化技術(shù) 學(xué) 生 姓 名： 班 級： 學(xué) 號 指導(dǎo)教師姓名： 職稱 講 師 最終評定成績： II 2020 屆 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）資料 第一部分 畢業(yè)論文 I 摘 要 現(xiàn)如今馬路上車輛的數(shù)量正在逐年增長，因此車輛的停放問題必須得到很好的解決，否則后果不堪設(shè)想。停車時如果光是靠駕駛員的經(jīng)驗和技術(shù)是不夠的，所以智能泊車輔助系 統(tǒng)（倒車?yán)走_）也就因此而誕生。 泊車輔助系統(tǒng)是一種能夠?qū)崟r顯示車后障礙物狀況的汽車倒車輔助裝置，在現(xiàn)實生活中應(yīng)用十分廣泛。 泊車輔助系統(tǒng)又稱倒車?yán)走_，是汽車泊車安全輔助裝置，能以聲音或者更為直觀的顯示告知駕駛員周圍障礙物的情況，解除了駕駛員泊車和起動車輛時前后左右探視所引起的困擾，并幫助駕駛員掃除了視野死角和視線模糊的缺陷，提高了安全性。一般由超聲波傳感器（俗稱探頭）、控制器和顯示器等部分組成，現(xiàn)在市場上的倒車?yán)走_大多采用超聲波測距原理，駕駛者在倒車時，啟動倒車?yán)走_，在控制器的控制下，由裝置于車尾保險杠上的探頭 發(fā)送超聲波，遇到障礙物，產(chǎn)生回波信號，傳感器接收到回波信號后經(jīng)控制器進行數(shù)據(jù)處理，判斷出障礙物的位置，由顯示器顯示距離并發(fā)出警示信號，得到及時警示，從而使駕駛者倒車時做到心中有數(shù)，使倒車變得更輕松。倒車?yán)走_的提示方式可分為液晶、語言和聲音三種；接收方式有無線傳輸和有線傳輸?shù)?。本方案采用語音提示的方式，本文介紹了以AT89C51 單片機為核心的一種低成本、高精度、微型化，并有數(shù)字顯示和聲光報警功能的倒車?yán)走_系統(tǒng)。利用 AT89C51 單片機所具備的單芯片語音功能，外接三個超聲波測距模組，組成一個示例的倒車?yán)走_系統(tǒng)， 語音提示報警（ ~）范圍內(nèi)的障礙物。 其次，單片機是一種具有集成度高、運算速度快、體積小、運行可靠、價格低廉的芯片，因此在控制，數(shù)據(jù)采集，機電一體化，智能化儀表、家用電氣以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)等各方面得到廣泛應(yīng)用，本設(shè)計主要研究了單片機在泊車輔助系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用。 本次設(shè)計選用的芯片為 AT89C2051， AT89C2051 是一種帶 4K 字節(jié) FLASH 存儲器（ FPEROM— Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory）的低電壓、高性能CMOS 8 位微處理器， 俗稱單片機。 AT89C2051 是一種帶 2K字節(jié)閃存可編程可擦除只讀存儲器的單片機。單片機的可擦除只讀存儲器可以反復(fù)擦除 1000 次。該器件采 ATMEL高密度非易失存儲器制造技術(shù)制造，與工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的 MCS51指令集和輸出管腳相兼容。由于將多功能 8位 CPU 和閃爍存儲器組合在單個芯片中， ATMEL 的 AT89C2051是一種高效微控制器， AT89C2051 是它的一種精簡版本 AT89C2051 單片機為很多嵌入式控制系統(tǒng)提供了一種靈活性高且價廉的方案。 關(guān)鍵詞： 倒車?yán)走_，單片機， 超聲波傳感器，控制器，顯示器 II ABSTRACT Nowadays the number of vehicles on the road are increased year by year, so the car parking problem must be solved to obtain the very good, otherwise the consequence is unimaginable. When parking, if it39。s not enough to be on the driver39。s experience and technology, so the intelligent parking assist system (reversing radar) is born. Parking assist system is a kind of real time display barrier condition after a car reverse assist device, they are widely used in real life. Parking assistant system is also called the reversing radar, car parking auxiliary device security, more intuitive to voice or show told driver around obstacles, lifted the driver parking and starting vehicles caused by visiting around it, and help the driver to eliminate the blind spot and blurred vision defects, improve the safety. Generally by the ultrasonic sensor (monly known as probe), controller and display ponents, reversing radar in the market now is mostly USES the ultrasonic ranging principle, the driver when reversing, start reversing radar, under the control of the controller, the device on the rear bumper send ultrasonic probe, encountered obstacles, produce echo signal, the sensor receives the echo signal from the controller for data processing, determine the position of the obstacles, the display shows distance and issued a warning signal, get timely warning, so that the driver when reversing, acplish know fairly well, make the reversing has bee more relaxed. Reversing radar of LCD, language and voice prompt can be divided into three kinds。 Reception mode such as wireless transmission and cable transmission. This scheme adopts the voice prompt manner, this paper introduces the AT89C51 singlechip microputer as the core of a low cost, high precision, miniaturization, and has the function of digital display and audible and visual alarm reversing radar system. Using AT89C51 single chip have voice capability, external three ultrasonic ranging module, posed of a sample of reversing radar systems, voice alarm ( m ~ m) within the scope of the obstacles. Second, SCM is a kind of high integration, fast puting speed, small volume, reliable operation, low price chip, so in control, data acquisition, mechanical and electrical integration, intelligent instruments, household electrical and work technology is widely used and so on various aspects, this design is mainly study the application of microcontroller in the parking auxiliary system. This design chooses the chip AT89C51, AT89C51 is a with 4 k byte FLASH Memory (FPEROM FLASH Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory) of low voltage, high performance CMOS 8bit microprocessor, monly known as the single chip microputer. AT89C2051 is a zone 2 k byte flash programmable microcontroller can erase the read only memory (ROM). MCU can erase readonly memory can be erased repeatedly III 1000 times. The mining ATMEL highdensity nonvolatile memory device manufacture technology, and industry standard of MCS 51 JiaoXiang patible instruction set and output pipe. Due to the multifunction 8bit CPU and flash memory in single chip AT89C51 of ATMEL is an effective and micro controller, AT89C2051 is it a strippeddown version of AT89C51 as many embedded control system provides a high flexibility and low price. Keywords: Reversing radar, singlechip, ultrasonic sensor, controller and display IV 目 錄 摘 要 ........................................................ I ABSTRACT .................................................... II 目 錄 ....................................................... IV 前 言 ........................................................ 1 第 1 章 緒 論 ................................................. 2 選題的意義 .......................................................... 2 泊車輔助系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用 與發(fā)展 ............................................ 2 泊車輔助系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展方向與趨勢 ........................................ 3 系統(tǒng)工作原理 ........................................................ 4 第 2 章 泊車輔助系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方案 ................................. 6 測距方式和提示方式比較 .........