【正文】
GPS RTK 技術在道路勘測中的應用 系部名稱 : 測繪工程系 專業(yè)班級 : 測繪工 學生姓名 : 指導教師 : 李 全 職 稱 : 高級工程師 黑 龍 江 工 程 學 院 二 ○○ 七年六月 The Graduation Thesis for Bachelor39。s Degree Application of GPS RTK Technology in the Road Survey Candidate: Specialty: Surveying amp。 Mapping Engineering ClassSuperviso Heilongjiang Institute of Technology 黑龍江工程學院本科生畢業(yè)論文 I 摘 要 目前 , 在道路勘測中 , 常規(guī)測量方法存在很多制約的條件 , 測量《規(guī)范》中對符合導線、閉合導線長及結點 間 導線長度等 都 有嚴格規(guī)定,在進行 道 路測量作業(yè)時 , 往往找不到導線的聯(lián)測點,而且地面通視困 難影響常規(guī)測量的實施。伴隨著 GPS的發(fā)展 , RTK技術的出現(xiàn) , 使得野外實時測量精度達到 cm級別 , 已經作為快速采集數(shù)據(jù)與定位的有效工具。 RTK所 具有 的 實時性好、精度高、速度快等優(yōu)點 , 是常規(guī)測量所無法比擬的。 本文分析和研究了 RTK技術在測量中的工作模式、數(shù)據(jù)鏈的結構、技術特點、 RTK作業(yè)步驟、 RTK的誤差來源和精度分析等方面內容 , 探討了 RTK技術在道路定測中應用有關問題 , 包括適用于 RTK作業(yè)的道路中線任意點坐標的計算、坐標轉換、高程計算等,提出了相應的數(shù)學模型及處理方法。通過其在實際道路測量中的控制測量、線路勘測 、中線測量、施工放樣等方面的應用 , 認為 GPS RTK 技術應用于公路外業(yè)勘測應是一項重大技術革命 , 在公路測量中蘊含著巨大的技術潛力。 關鍵詞: GPS RTK;公路勘測;精度分析;中線測量;控制測量;高程 黑龍江工程學院本科生畢業(yè)論文 II ABSTRACT Currently, During the roads investigation, Conventional methods of measurement have many limitations and constraints, There are strict requirements to the length of connecting traverse、 closed traverse and length between points of traverse in survey specifications. During line measurement , sometimes we could not find the tie points of traverse and the visibility of ground surface would influence the implementation of conventional measurement with the development of GPS and the emergence of RTK technique, the accuracy of field survey has been up to cm. it has bee a sufficient tool in the fast data collect and positioning. It has the advantages: on time ability, high accuracy, fast speed etc, which the conventional survey doesn’t this paper the work model of RTK technique in survey, the structure of the data chain, the character of technique, the operation method of RTK, the error source of RTK, precision analysis etc are analysised and studied. Talk about the relative questions in road certain survey both with the coordinate calculation, coordinate transfer, elevation adjust etc, At last point out the correspond Mathematics model and the processing the application GPS RTK in control survey、 route survey、 centerline survey、layout and other aspects, we regard the it as a important technique revolution, it contains a huge technique potential in highway survey. Key words: GPS RTK; Road Investigation; Precision Analysis; Centerline Survey; Control Survey; Elevation 黑龍江工程學院本科生畢業(yè)論文 目 錄 摘要 ......................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ................................................................................................................................. II 第 1 章 緒論 ........................................................................................................................ 1 第 2 章 GPS 簡介 ............................................................................................................. 3 GPS 衛(wèi)星定位技術的發(fā)展 ........................................................................................ 3 GPS 系統(tǒng)的組成 ........................................................................................................ 4 GPS 系統(tǒng)的特點 ........................................................................................................ 4 RTK 定位技術 ........................................................................................................... 5 我國 GPS 發(fā)展 .......................................................................................................... 7 本章小結 ................................................................................................................... 8 第 3 章 GPS RTK 儀器的操作方法及精度分析 .................................................................. 9 概述 .......................................................................................................................... 9 GPS RTK 作業(yè)的基本原理和工作條件 ................................................................. 9 GPS RTK 測量作業(yè)方法 ....................................................................................... 10 GPS RTK 測量誤差來源 ........................................................................................ 13 GPS R