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初一英語(yǔ)重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總(已修改)

2025-08-28 19:54 本頁(yè)面
 

【正文】 初一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn):重要語(yǔ)法  重要語(yǔ)法  ?! ?. 祈使句。  3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成和用法?! ??! ?。    【名師講解】  1. That39。s right./ That39。s all right./ All right.  That39。s right意為對(duì)的,表示贊同對(duì)方的意見、看法或行為,肯定對(duì)方的答案或判斷。例如:  I think we must help the old man.我想我們應(yīng)該幫助這位老人?! hat39。s right.或 You39。re right.說得對(duì)?! hat39。s all 不用謝、沒關(guān)系,用來回答對(duì)方的致謝或道歉。例如:  Many thanks. That39。s all right.  Sorry. It39。s broken. That39。s all right.  All 行了、可以,表示同意對(duì)方的建議或要求。有時(shí)還可以表示身體很好  Please tell me about it. 請(qǐng)把此事告訴我?! ll right.好吧?! s your mother all right?你媽身體好嗎  2. make/do  這兩個(gè)詞都可以解釋為做,但含義卻不同,不能混用。make指做東西或制東西,do指做一件具體的事?! an you make a paper boat for me? 你能為我做個(gè)紙船嗎?  He39。s doing his homework ?! ?. say/speak/talk/tell  say:是最口語(yǔ)化的最普通的一個(gè)詞,意為說出、說道,著重所說的話。如:  I want to go there by bus , he said . 他說,我要坐汽車到那里去?! lease say it in English .請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)說。  speak : 說話,著重開口發(fā)聲,不著重所說的內(nèi)容,一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞 (即后面不能直接接賓語(yǔ) ) 。如:  Can you speak about him? 你能不能說說他的情況?  I don39。t like to speak like this. 我不喜歡這樣說話?! peak 作及物動(dòng)詞解時(shí),只能和某種語(yǔ)言等連用,表達(dá)在對(duì)話中恰當(dāng)使用詞匯的能力。如:  She speaks English ?! alk : 與 speak 意義相近,也著重說話的動(dòng)作,而不著重所說的話,因此,一般也只用作不及物動(dòng)詞, 不過,talk 暗示話是對(duì)某人說的,有較強(qiáng)的對(duì)話意味,著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話。如:  I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他談那件事?! ld women like to talk with ?! ell : 告訴,除較少情況外,一般后面總接雙賓語(yǔ)。如:  He39。s telling me a ?! ell a lie 撒謊  tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth.  Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.  4. do cooking/ do the cookingdo cooking 作做飯解,屬泛指。do the cooking 特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking為動(dòng)名詞,不能用作復(fù)數(shù),但前面可用 some, much修飾。從do some cooking可引出許多類似的短語(yǔ):  do some washing 洗些衣服  do some shopping 買些東西  do some reading 讀書  do some writing 寫些東西  do some fishing 釣魚  從以上短語(yǔ)可引申出另一類短語(yǔ),不能用some, much或定冠詞?! o shopping 去買東西  go fishing 去釣魚  go boating 去劃船  go swimming 去游泳  5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.  like doing sth. 與like to do sth. 意思相同,但用法有區(qū)別。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)一般性的愛好或者表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性。后來表示一次性和偶然性的動(dòng)作。例如:  He likes playing football, but he doesn39。t like to play football with Li Ming.  他喜歡踢足球,但是他不喜歡和李明踢?! ?. other/ others/ the other/ another  other表其余的,別的,  Have you any other questions?你還有其他問題嗎?  others 別的人,別的東西  In the room some people are American, the others are   美國(guó)人,其他的是法國(guó)人?! he other表另一個(gè)(二者之中)one…,the other…  One of my two brothers studies English,  the other studies Chinese.  我兩個(gè)哥哥中的一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英文,另一個(gè)學(xué)中文。  another表三者以上的另一個(gè),另一些  There is room for another few books on the ?! ?. in the tree/ on the tree  in the tree 與 on the 在樹上但英語(yǔ)中有區(qū)別。in the tree表示某人、某事(不屬于樹本身生長(zhǎng)出的別的東西)落在樹上,表示樹的枝、葉、花、果等長(zhǎng)在樹上時(shí),要使用on the :There are some apples on the tree. 那棵樹上有些蘋果?! here is a bird in the tree. 那棵樹上有只鳥?! ?. some/ any  (1)some和 any既可修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但有以下兩點(diǎn)需要  注意。  some常用于肯定句中,any常用于否定句和疑問句中。如:  There is some water in the glass.  Is there any water in the glass?  There isn39。t any water in the glass.  (2)在說話者希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問句中,或在表示請(qǐng)求,邀請(qǐng)的疑問句中,我們依然用some。如:  Would you like some tea?  9. tall/ high  (1)說人,動(dòng)物,樹木等有生命的東西,主要用tall,不用high,例如  a tall woman 一個(gè)高個(gè)子?jì)D女  a tall horse 一個(gè)高大的馬  (2)說一個(gè)不與地面接觸的人和物的高時(shí),要用high,而不用tall,比如人站在桌子上時(shí),飛機(jī)飛上天時(shí),例如:  He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在樹上?! he plane is so high in the sky. 飛機(jī)在空中這么高?! ?3)指建筑物、山時(shí)要tall或high都可以,不過high的程度比tall高?! ?4)high可作副詞,tall不能。  (5)tall的反義詞為short, high的反義詞為low.  10. can/ could  (1) can表示體力和腦力方面的能力,或根據(jù)客觀條件能做某種動(dòng)作的能力  。例如:  Can you ride a bike? 你會(huì)騎自行車嗎?  What can I do for you? 要幫忙嗎?  Can you make a cake?你會(huì)做蛋糕嗎?  (2) can用在否定句和疑問句中時(shí)有時(shí)表示說話人的懷疑猜測(cè)或不肯定。例如:  Where can he be?他會(huì)在什么地方呢?  Can the news be true?這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎?  It surely can39。t be six o39。clock already?不可能已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧?  You can39。t be hungry so soon,Tom,you39。ve just had ,你不可能餓得這么快,你剛吃過午飯?! hat can he mean?他會(huì)是什么意思?  在日常會(huì)話中,can可代替may表示允許,may比較正式。例如:  You can e in any ?! ?Can I use your pen?我能用你的鋼筆嗎?   Of course,you 。You can have my seat,I39。m going ,你坐我的座位吧。  (3) could  could 是 can的過去式,表示過去有過的能力和可能性(在否定和疑問句中)。例如:  The doctor said he could help him.(能力)醫(yī)生說他能幫助他。  Lily could swim when she was four years old.(能力)  當(dāng)麗麗四歲的時(shí)候她就會(huì)游泳?! t that time we thought the story could be true.(可能性)  那時(shí)我們以為所說的可能是真的?! ould可代替can表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的動(dòng)作,但語(yǔ)氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如:  Could I speak to John,please?我能和約翰說話嗎?  Could you?在口語(yǔ)中表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做事。例如:  Could you wait half an hour?請(qǐng)你等半個(gè)小時(shí)好嗎?  Could you please ring again at six?六點(diǎn)鐘請(qǐng)你再打電話好嗎?  (4) can的形式  只有現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could兩種形式。能表示一般現(xiàn)在和一般過去兩種時(shí)態(tài),有時(shí)也能表示將來。所有其他時(shí)態(tài)(包括將來時(shí))須用be able to加動(dòng)詞不定式來表示。例如:  They have not been able to e to Beijing.  他們沒有能到北京來?! ?1. look for/ find  look for 意為尋找,而find意為找到,發(fā)現(xiàn),前者強(qiáng)調(diào)找這一動(dòng)作,并不注重找的結(jié)果,而后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果。例如:  She can39。t find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦?! om is looking for his watch,but he can39。t find ,但沒能找到?! ?2. be sleeping/ be asleep  be sleeping 表示動(dòng)作,意思是正在睡覺。be asleep 表示狀態(tài),意思是睡著了。如:  What are the children doing in the room? 孩子們?cè)诜块g里做什么?  They are ?! he children are asleep ?! ?3. often/ usually/sometimes  often表示經(jīng)常,sometimes表示有時(shí)候,在表示發(fā)生頻率上often要高于usually,usually要高于sometimes。這三個(gè)詞表示的是經(jīng)常性,一般性的動(dòng)作或情況,常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用,常位于主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面,其他謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(be動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞)的后面,有時(shí)也可位于句尾。如果要加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,則放在句首?! e usually play basketball after ?! ometimes I go to bed ,我睡覺很早?! e often reads English in the ?! ?4. How much/ How many  how much常用來詢問某一商品的價(jià)格,常見句式是How much is / are…?  How much is the skirt? 這條裙子多少錢?  How much are the bananas? 這些香蕉多少錢?  how much后加不可數(shù)名詞,表示數(shù)量,意為多少,how many后加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式?! ow much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀?  How many students are there in your class? 你們班有多少人?  15. be good for/ be good to/ be good at  be good for 表示對(duì)……有好處,而be bad for表示對(duì)……有害。be good to表示對(duì)……友好,而be bad to表示對(duì)……不好。be good at表示擅長(zhǎng),在……方面做得好,而be bad at表示在……方面做得不好?! 
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