【正文】 目目 錄錄 第 4 章 需求開發(fā)與需求管理 .............................................................................................................3 什么是需求 ....................................................................................................................................4 基本概念 ..................................................................................................................................4 需求案例 ..................................................................................................................................4 了解用戶 ........................................................................................................................................6 需求工程 ........................................................................................................................................7 基本概念 ..................................................................................................................................7 一些感悟 ..................................................................................................................................8 需求開發(fā)的主要困難與對策 ........................................................................................................9 知識技能問題 ..........................................................................................................................9 態(tài)度問題 ................................................................................................................................10 合作關(guān)系 ................................................................................................................................10 用戶說不清楚需求 ................................................................................................................12 雙方誤解需求 ........................................................................................................................12 開發(fā)人員寫不好需求文檔 ....................................................................................................13 用戶經(jīng)常變更需求 ................................................................................................................13 如何開展需求調(diào)查 ......................................................................................................................13 需求調(diào)查規(guī)程 ........................................................................................................................13 準(zhǔn)備調(diào)查 ................................................................................................................................14 調(diào)查與記錄 ............................................................................................................................14 撰寫用戶需求說明書 ............................................................................................................15 如何進(jìn)行需求分析 ......................................................................................................................17 問答分析法 ............................................................................................................................17 建模分析法 ............................................................................................................................17 結(jié)構(gòu)化分析法 ................................................................................................................18 面向?qū)ο蠓治龇?............................................................................................................18 恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂脠D形符號 ....................................................................................................19 作出決策 ................................................................................................................................19 什么是好的產(chǎn)品需求規(guī)格說明書 ..............................................................................................20 正確 ........................................................................................................................................20 清楚 ........................................................................................................................................20 無二義性 ................................................................................................................................20 一致 ........................................................................................................................................21第 4 章 需求開發(fā)與需求管理Page 2 of 34 必要 ........................................................................................................................................21 完備 ........................................................................................................................................21 可實(shí)現(xiàn) ....................................................................................................................................22 可驗(yàn)證 ....................................................................................................................................22 確定優(yōu)先級 ............................................................................................................................22 闡述“做什么”而不是“怎么做” ..................................................................................23 如何定義產(chǎn)品需求 ......................................................................................................................23 規(guī)程 ........................................................................................................................................23 軟件需求規(guī)格說明書的模板 ................................................................................................24 需求確認(rèn) ......................................................................................................................................26 規(guī)程 ........................................................................................................................................26 需求評審 ............................................................................