【正文】 2010年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試翻譯提高練習(xí)二含答案翻譯——核心語(yǔ)法　　　　從句的用法在前文已有詳細(xì)講解，這里就不再贅述。下面通過(guò)總結(jié)歸納來(lái)進(jìn)一步探討歷年四級(jí)翻譯對(duì)各類(lèi)從句的考查情況?！　?1)主語(yǔ)從句　　真題：__________(很多人沒(méi)有意識(shí)到的)is providing the best education possible for their children.()　　答案：What many people don’t realize　　(2)賓語(yǔ)從句　　真題：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life__________(是用他們能夠借到多少來(lái)衡量的), not how much they can earn.()　　答案：is measured by how much they can loan　　(3)表語(yǔ)從句　　真題：In my sixties, one change I notice is that__________(我比以前更容易累了).()　　答案：I am more likely to get tired than before　　(4)定語(yǔ)從句　　真題：Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems__________(他們至今還沒(méi)有答案)()　　答案：(that/which)they haven’t found solution to或to which they haven’t found solution　　真題：__________(與我成長(zhǎng)的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.()　　答案：Compared with the place where I grew up　　真題：The prevention and treatment of AIDS is __________(我們可以合[ 此文轉(zhuǎn)貼于貴, ] 作的領(lǐng)域).()　　答案：the field where(in which)we can cooperate　　(5)狀語(yǔ)從句　　真題：Leaving one’s job, __________(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.()　　答案：whatever it is(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)　　真題：I am going to pursue this course, __________(無(wú)論我要作出什么樣的犧牲).()　　答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)　　真題：Some psychologists claim that people __________(出門(mén)在外時(shí)可能會(huì)感到孤獨(dú))()　　答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)　　【真題】__________(大多數(shù)父母所關(guān)心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.()　　【解析】本題考查對(duì)主語(yǔ)從句的掌握。漢語(yǔ)中“所關(guān)心的”實(shí)際上是指“所關(guān)心的事情”，用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)則使用what引導(dǎo)的從句。What在主語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)?！瓣P(guān)心”可以用be concerned about表達(dá)?！　　敬鸢浮縒hat most parents are concerned about　　注：從句的用法參見(jiàn)完形填空部分對(duì)從句的講解。 　　歷年真題中涉及到虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考點(diǎn)可以歸納如下：　　(1)(should)+動(dòng)詞原形的情形。　　(2)if或but for等引導(dǎo)的條件句?！　?3)wish, if only, would rather, It is(high)time that…,, 用法?！　　菊骖}】You would not have failed if__________(按照我的指令去做).()　　【答案】you had followed my instructions 或者you had followed my orders　　【解析】本題較為容易，按照漢語(yǔ)意思直譯。考點(diǎn)有兩個(gè)：首先最重要的考點(diǎn)是if從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣考查。根據(jù)語(yǔ)法規(guī)定，如果主句中出現(xiàn)would +have的形式，從句中應(yīng)該采用had+過(guò)去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。第二是固定搭配“按照…的指令”表達(dá)為follow my instructions 或者是follow my orders 注意多樣化的表達(dá)，兩者選其一就可以。注意很多學(xué)生出現(xiàn)遺漏主語(yǔ)you，造成不必要的失分?！　　菊骖}】The victim __________(本來(lái)會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來(lái))if he had been taken to hospital in time.()　　【解析】本句考查對(duì)錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的掌握。在與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的條件下，if引導(dǎo)的條件句時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，主句謂語(yǔ)一般使用would have done?！　　敬鸢浮縲ould have had a chance to survive/would have had a chance of survival　　注：虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法參見(jiàn)完形填空填空部分對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的講解。 　　倒裝分完全倒裝與部分倒裝兩種類(lèi)型，重點(diǎn)是部分倒裝，即只有系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞參與的倒裝。常見(jiàn)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為四大類(lèi)：　　(1)否定倒裝。指否定副詞或否定的副詞性結(jié)構(gòu)hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, little, nowhere, not once, under no circumstances, in no way, no sooner…than，not only…but also用于句首時(shí)所導(dǎo)致的倒裝。　　Seldom did I go to theater, but now it is different.　　以前我很少去劇院，但是現(xiàn)在不同了。　　(2)虛擬倒裝。指在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，將if省略，把should, had, were提至主語(yǔ)前，形成倒裝?！　ere I you, I’ll never promise to do that.　　如果我是你，絕對(duì)不會(huì)答應(yīng)那么做的?！　?3)強(qiáng)調(diào)倒裝。為突出強(qiáng)調(diào)某一成分而將它提至句首時(shí)，實(shí)行倒裝，如：　　 倒裝句　　So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep.　　他工作如此勤奮以至于經(jīng)常廢寢忘食?！　。簅nly, often, then　　Then did I throw myself into the chair, exhausted.　　然后我一屁股坐在椅子上，累死了?！　nly by working hard can we achieve what we want.　　我們只有通過(guò)努力工作才能獲得想要的東西?！　?4)在“so+形容詞…that分句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如將“so+形容詞”置于句首以示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其后的系動(dòng)詞be則要移到主語(yǔ)前面，形成主謂的完全倒裝?！　o moved was she that she could not say a word.　　她感動(dòng)得說(shuō)不出話來(lái)?！　　菊骖}】Not only__________(他向我收費(fèi)過(guò)高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either.()　　【解析】本題考查對(duì)倒裝的掌握。解答此題需要考慮兩個(gè)層次，首先是動(dòng)詞“收費(fèi)”的對(duì)應(yīng)詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)譯為“charge”。收費(fèi)“過(guò)高”往往使用too much,更加巧妙的用詞overcharge就可以表示“收費(fèi)過(guò)高”。其次，not only…but…結(jié)構(gòu)中出現(xiàn)了否定詞前置到句首的現(xiàn)