【正文】 水稻工廠化育秧流水線的播土器設計摘 要水稻工廠化育秧技術(shù)是我國水稻栽培技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向，而研究設計育秧設備，是推進該技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展的技術(shù)措施之一。工廠化育秧包括播土、播種、覆土、灑水等主要生產(chǎn)過程，通常認為播種作業(yè)是非常重要的過程，但是，播土作業(yè)同樣是育秧過程中不可缺少的重要環(huán)節(jié)，由于傳統(tǒng)的育秧過程中每穴種子數(shù)多，對播土與覆土要求不十分嚴格，隨著超級稻育秧技術(shù)興起，每穴種子數(shù)減少，播種精度提高，對播/覆土要求十分嚴格，如播土厚度不均勻?qū)⒂绊懹碣|(zhì)量。 本文簡要的介紹了國內(nèi)外的育秧技術(shù)的發(fā)展情況和國內(nèi)現(xiàn)有的播土裝置的構(gòu)造優(yōu)缺點，分析并提出現(xiàn)有播土裝置的缺陷，設計出新型播土裝置，并對此進行了全面的理論分析與研究。本文的研究結(jié)論如下： 1）系統(tǒng)地介紹了我國現(xiàn)有播、覆土裝置的研究現(xiàn)狀，詳細的分析了它們的結(jié)構(gòu)特點和不足，在此基礎(chǔ)之上，研制出一種排土穩(wěn)定均勻的播土裝置，選取 V 形推土片大直徑滾筒作為排土部分的關(guān)鍵部件。 2）確定了 V 形推土片大直徑滾筒播土裝置的滾筒結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)、V 形推土片的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和分布情況。利用土壤與鋼的摩擦角和摩擦系數(shù)，確定了土箱排土口位置、導流板與水平面的夾角 γ 和擋土板的結(jié)構(gòu)、位置參數(shù)。從理論上建立了滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速與生產(chǎn)率、播土厚度、V 形推土片寬度時間的數(shù)學模型，建立了排土量與滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速、V 形推土片參數(shù)之間的數(shù)學模型。利用 CATIA 軟件裝配模塊建立了播土裝置的 3D 模型。關(guān)鍵詞：水稻；秧盤育秧；播土裝置；工廠化育秧 25 / 30Design of Spreading Soil Device for Factor Rice SeedlingNurseryAbstractThe technology of Factory Seedlingnursery is the development direction of the paddy cultivating technology in our country, to research and design the seedlingnursery device is one of the most important methods to impel the seedlingnursery technology to develop unceasingly. Factory Seedlingnursery is made up of four processes which are Soilspread, Precision seeding, Soilcover and Water spray. In the usually opinion, the most important process is the Precision seeding, but the process of soilspread is also essential to the seedlingnursery. With the development of the technology of super paddy seedlingnursery, the number of the seeds in per hole is decreased and the seeding precision is enhanced, so it is much strict to the processes of Soilspread and Soilcover, the quality of seedling will be reduced if the thickness of soil in the tray is not uniformity. Based on the prehensive introduction to the structural characteristics of seedling development of domestic and foreign technology and the existing domestic broadcast equipment on the basis of soil analysis and pointed out the deficiencies of the prior sowing soil means proposed new sowing soil means, and this conduct theoretical analysis and systematic research. Research conclusions are as follows: 1) On the basis of introducing the research condition of the soilspread and soilcover devices in the international and domestic countries by the numbers, and analyzing their structure characteristic and shortage in details, the purpose of the research in the thesis was putted forward: a spreading soil device which spreads and covers soil steadily is developed, the large diameter drum with Vshaped tablet as the soilspread ponents of the spreading soil device is chosen. 2) The sizes of the lager drum with the Vshaped tablet were confirmed, and the distribution of the Vshaped tablet on the film of the drum was also confirmed in order to ensure the spreading soil device to spread soil continuously when the drum rotates slowly. Made full use of the friction angle between soil and steel, the position of the soil box placket, the gradient of the soillead board was confirmed. In order to prevent the soil splashing, a block was designed. The thesis set up the mechanics model that indicates the relation between the rotate speed of the drum and productivity, the thickness of the soil in the tray, the width of the Vshaped tablet, and set up the mechanics model that indicates the relation between the volume of the soil expelled from the soil box per second and the rotate speed of the drum, the sizes of the Vshaped tablet. On the basis of the Pro/E software, the 3D siMULation model of the spreading soil device was set up.Key Words： Rice；Seedling Trays；Spreading Soil Device；Factory Seedlingnursery 目 錄摘要 IAbstract II1 緒論 1 課題背景 1 水稻的生產(chǎn)情況及意義 1 水稻的主要種植模式及分布區(qū)域 2 水稻種植技術(shù)的多樣性 3 所設計的播土裝置的目的與意義 3 播土裝置國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 4 國外研究現(xiàn)狀 4 國內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 4 研究內(nèi)容 5 2 水稻秧盤育秧精密播種流水線的工作原理 7 總體結(jié)構(gòu) 7 播土裝置的整體結(jié)構(gòu)方案確定 7 工作原理 8 3 播土裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)設計 9 排土結(jié)構(gòu)的設計 9 導流板設計 18 擋土板設計 19 4 CATIA 的播土裝置 3D 實