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畢業(yè)設計-基于單片機的電動智能小車設計(已修改)

2024-11-26 10:10 本頁面
 

【正文】 基于單片機的電動智能小車設計The design of an intelligence electricity motive small car for single chip puter 院 系:自動化系 專 業(yè) /班 級:電氣工程及其自動化 0804 班 學 號: 220200726 學 生 姓 名:李 慧 指 導 教 師:李 斌 (講師) 2020 年 6 月 密級:內(nèi)部 I 摘 要 80C51單片機是一款八位單片機,他的易用性和多功能性受到了廣大使用者的好評。這里介紹 的是如何用 80C51 單片機來實現(xiàn)沈陽工業(yè)大學工程學院的畢業(yè)設計,該設計是結(jié)合科研項目而確定的設計類課題。本系統(tǒng)以設計題目的要求為目的,采用 80C51 單片機為控制核心,利用超聲波傳感器檢測道路上的障礙,控制電動小汽車的自動避障,快慢速行駛,以及自動停車,并可以自動記錄時間、里程和速度,自動尋跡和尋光功能。整個系統(tǒng)的電路結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,可靠性能高。實驗測試結(jié)果滿足要求,本文著重介紹了該系統(tǒng)的硬件設計方法及測試結(jié)果分析。 采用的技術(shù)主要有: (1)通過編程來控制小車的速度; (2)傳感器的有效應用; (3)新型顯示芯片 的采用 . 關(guān)鍵詞: 80C51 單片機;光電檢測器; PWM 調(diào)速;電動小車 II Abstract 80C51 is a 8 bit single chip puter. Its easily using and multifunction suffer large users. This article introduces the Institute of project of shenyang university?s design with the 80C51 single chip puter. This design bines with scientific research object. This system regards the request of the topic, adopting 80C51 for controlling core, super sonic sensor for test the hinder. It can run in a high and a low speed or stop automatically. It also can record the time, distance and the speed or searching light and mark automatically the electric circuit construction of whole system is simple, the function is dependable. Experiment test result satisfy the request, this text emphasizes introduced the hardware system designs and the result analyze. The adoption of technique as: (1)Reduce the speed by program the engine; (2)Efficient application of the sensor。 (3)The adoption of the new display chip. Keywords : 80C51 single chip puter; light electricity detector; PWM speed adjusting; Electricity motive small car III 目 錄 摘 要 .............................................................................................................................. I ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................II 第 1 章 緒 論 ............................................................................................................... 1 第 2 章 方案設計與論證 ............................................................................................. 2 直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng) .................................................................................................... 2 檢測系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................................ 3 行車起始、終點及光線檢測 ...................................................................... 3 行車距離檢測 .............................................................................................. 8 顯示電路 ............................................................................................................ 9 系統(tǒng)原理圖 ........................................................................................................ 9 第 3 章 硬件設計 ....................................................................................................... 11 80C51 單片機硬件結(jié)構(gòu) .................................................................................... 11 最小應用系統(tǒng)設計 .......................................................................................... 12 時鐘電路 .................................................................................................... 13 復位電路 .................................................................................................... 13 前向通道設計 .................................................................................................. 14 前向通道的含義 ........................................................................................ 14 前向通道的設計 ........................................................................................ 15 后向通道設計 .................................................................................................. 17 脈寬調(diào)制原理 ............................................................................................ 19 邏輯延時環(huán)節(jié) ............................................................................................ 19 電源的設計 ................................................................................................ 20 顯示電路設計 .................................................................................................. 20 第 4 章 系統(tǒng)軟件設計說明 ....................................................................................... 23 主程序設計 ....................................................................................................... 23 顯示子程序設計 ............................................................................................... 27 避障子程序設計 ............................................................................................... 28 軟件抗干擾技術(shù) .............................................................................................. 29 數(shù)字濾波技術(shù) ............................................................................................ 29 開關(guān)量的軟件抗干擾技術(shù) ........................................................................ 30 指令冗余技術(shù) ............................................................................................ 31 軟件陷阱技術(shù) ............................................................................................ 31 “看門狗 ”技術(shù) .................................................................................................... 32 可編程邏輯器件 ............................................................................................... 33 第 5 章 結(jié) 論 ............................................................................................................. 35 參 考 文 獻 ............................................................................................................... 36 IV 致 謝 .....................................................................
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